Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Scientific papers

Vol. 49 No. 1 (2025)

The effectiveness of an active noise control system with remote microphones technique in a tractor cabin

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/ria1-2025oa19189
Submitted
gennaio 17, 2025
Published
2025-09-22

Abstract

This paper presents a preliminary study of an active noise control (ANC) system implemented on a tractor cabin. This system employs a multi-channel feedforward configuration, with two error microphones and two control loudspeakers positioned in the cabin and an external reference microphone. Furthermore, the system implements the remote microphone technique (RMT), which allows to place the error microphones at a given distance from the region where the quiet zone is to be created, in this case around a head used for binaural measurements. To evaluate the effectiveness of the ANC system, simulated narrowband and broadband disturbance signals are generated through an acoustic source external to the cabin. Despite a reduction in the performance compared to the case without the RMT, caused by internal modelling of the signals, the developed system demonstrates its potentiality for a real application, where the error microphones cannot be left close to the region where noise has to be cancelled.

References (including DOI)

  1. A. Pizzuti, A. Papale, L. A., P. Nataletti, I. Pinto, G. Campo, Sistema di sorveglianza delle malattie professionali: Ipoacusia da rumore un problema di salute ancora attuale sul lavoro, Inail, 2018.
  2. Relazione annuale 2021 del Presidente - Appendice statistica, Inail, 2022.
  3. G. Santoro, G. Vassalini, L. Ragni, G. Casini Ropa, La misura dell’esposizione al rumore in agricoltura, (1999).
  4. K.N. Dewangan, G.V.P. Kumar, V.K. Tewari, Noise characteristics of tractors and health effect on farmers, Appl. Acoust. 66 (2005) 1049–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2005.01.002.
  5. J.D.C. Talamo, Effects of cab noise environment on the hearing perception of agricultural tractor drivers, Appl. Acoust. 12 (1979) 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-682X(79)90030-6.
  6. V. Ravindran, B. Prakash, Agricultural tractor noise control, in: SAE 2013 Commer. Veh. Eng. Congr., 2013. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2342.
  7. S. Velioglu, A. Yıldız, M. Doganli, O. Tandogan, Interior noise analysis and prediction of a tractor cabin with emphasis on correlations with experimental data, in: SAE 2013 Noise Vib. Conf. Exhib., 2013. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1964.
  8. P.S. Yadav, A.A. Gaikwad, S.Y. Badgujar, Y.V. Surkutwar, N.V. Karanth, Noise reduction on agricultural tractor, in: Symp. Int. Automot. Technol. 2013, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-26-0103.
  9. A.M. Abd-El-Tawwab, S.A. Abouel-Seoud, F.M. El-Sayed, T.A. Abd-El-Hakim, Characteristics of agriculture tractor interior noise, J. Low Freq. Noise Vib. Act. Control 19 (2000) 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1260/0263092001492822.
  10. J.P. Evans, R.T. Whyte, J.S. Price, J.M. Bacon, D.A. Semple, A.J. Scarlett, R.M. Stayner, Practical solutions to noise problems in agriculture, Health and Safety Executive, 2004.
  11. H.-W. Han, W.-H. Im, H.-J. Choi, S.-J. Cho, S.-D. Lee, Y.-J. Park, Effect of sound insulation on noise reduction in an agricultural tractor cab, Sci. Rep. 12 (2022) 22038. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26408-3.
  12. D. Pessina, M. Guerretti, Effectiveness of hearing protection devices in the hazard reduction of noise from used tractors, J. Agric. Eng. Res. 75 (2000) 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1999.0489.
  13. J. Jiang, Y. Li, Review of active noise control techniques with emphasis on sound quality enhancement, Appl. Acoust. 136 (2018) 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.02.021.
  14. S.J. Elliott, P.A. Nelson, Active noise control, IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 10 (1993) 12–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/79.248551.
  15. S.M. Kuo, D.R. Morgan, Active noise control: a tutorial review, Proc. IEEE 87 (1999) 943–975. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.763310.
  16. S.M. Kuo, I. Panahi, K.M. Chung, T. Horner, M. Nadeski, J. Chyan, Design of active noise control systems with the TMS320 family, (1996).
  17. Z. Zhang, C. Shi, X. Lv, Z. Ling, Active control of interior road noise using the remote microphone technique, INTER-NOISE NOISE-CON Congr. Conf. Proc. 265 (2023) 916–920. https://doi.org/10.3397/IN_2022_0130.
  18. W. Jung, S.J. Elliott, J. Cheer, Local active control of road noise inside a vehicle, Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 121 (2019) 144–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.11.003.
  19. S. Elliott, C.K. Lai, T. Vergez, J. Cheer, Robust stability and performance of local active control systems using virtual sensing, in: 23rd Int. Congr. Acoust., 2019.
  20. D. Moreau, B. Cazzolato, A. Zander, C. Petersen, A review of virtual sensing algorithms for active noise control, Algorithms 1 (2008) 69–99. https://doi.org/10.3390/a1020069.
  21. N. Jiang, C. Shi, H. Li, Y. Kajikawa, Near-field error sensing of multi-channel active noise control using virtual sensing technique, in: 25th Int. Congr. Sound Vib., 2018.
  22. P.S.S. Ahamed, P. Duraiswamy, Virtual sensing active noise control system with 2D microphone array for automotive applications, in: 2019 6th Int. Conf. Signal Process. Integr. Netw. SPIN, IEEE, Noida, India, 2019: pp. 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPIN.2019.8711608.
  23. R. Maeda, Y. Kajikawa, Comparisons of two virtual sensing methods for broadband noise, in: 23rd Int. Congr. Acoust., 2019.
  24. S. Turpati, V. Moram, Implementation of robust virtual sensing algorithm in active noise control to improve silence zone, Int. J. Speech Technol. 26 (2023) 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-021-09845-9.
  25. E. Sasaki, M. Kamata, A. Sano, Virtual error approach to direct multi- channel adaptive active noise control, in: 13th Int. Congr. Sound Vib., 2006.
  26. M. Pawelczyk, Polynomial approach to design of feedback virtual-microphone active noise control system, in: 13th Int. Congr. Sound Vib., 2006.
  27. I.T. Ardekani, W.H. Abdulla, An adaptive signal processing system for active control of sound in remote locations, in: 2013 Asia-Pac. Signal Inf. Process. Assoc. Annu. Summit Conf., IEEE, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2013: pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/APSIPA.2013.6694322.
  28. I.T. Ardekani, W.H. Abdullah, S.U. Rehman, Remote FxLMS algorithm for active control of sound in remote locations, in: Signal Inf. Process. Assoc. Annu. Summit Conf. APSIPA 2014 Asia-Pac., IEEE, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2014: pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/APSIPA.2014.7041553.
  29. D.J. Moreau, B.S. Cazzolato, A.C. Zander, Active noise control at a moving virtual microphone using the SOTDF moving virtual sensing method, in: Proc. Acoust. 2009, 2009.
  30. S. Höber, C. Pape, E. Reithmeier, Generating a position-adaptive quiet zone in enclosed spaces, in: Internoise 2017, 2017.
  31. Y. Kajikawa, Y. Kajikawa, A Study on Improving the Robustness of Virtual Sensing Methods in ANC Systems, INTER-NOISE NOISE-CON Congr. Conf. Proc. 265 (2023) 5451–5458. https://doi.org/10.3397/IN_2022_0801.
  32. C.K. Lai, B. Lam, D. Shi, W.-S. Gan, Real-time modelling of observation filter in the remote microphone technique for an active noise control application, in: ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. ICASSP, IEEE, Rhodes Island, Greece, 2023: pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP49357.2023.10095752.
  33. S.J. Elliott, J. Garcia-Bonito, Active cancellation of pressure and pressure gradient in a diffuse sound field, J. Sound Vib. 186 (1995) 696–704. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1995.0482.
  34. F. Mori, A. Santoni, P. Fausti, F. Pompoli, P. Bonfiglio, P. Nataletti, The effectiveness of least mean squared-based adaptive algorithms for active noise control system in a small confined space, Appl. Sci. 13 (2023) 11173. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011173.
  35. S.J. Elliott, W. Jung, J. Cheer, Causality and robustness in the remote sensing of acoustic pressure, with application to local active sound control, in: ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. ICASSP, IEEE, Brighton, United Kingdom, 2019: pp. 8484–8488. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2019.8682474.
  36. D. Shi, B. Lam, W. Gan, Analysis of multichannel virtual sensing active noise control to overcome spatial correlation and causality constraints, in: ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. ICASSP, IEEE, Brighton, United Kingdom, 2019: pp. 8499–8503. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2019.8682344.
  37. A. David, S.J. Elliott, Numerical studies of actively generated quiet zones, Appl. Acoust. 41 (1994) 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-682X(94)90085-X.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...