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FrancoAngeli Journals

Articoli Scientifici

V. 48 N. 1 (2024)

Effetti del rumore sulle prestazioni cognitive dei bambini della scuola primaria

  • Flavia Gheller ▸
  • Gaia Spicciarelli
  • Lisa Battagliarin
  • Francesca Cappelletti
  • Antonino Di Bella
  • Piercarlo Romagnoni
  • Barbara Arfé
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/ria1-2024oa17501
Inviata
15 marzo 2024
Pubblicato
22-07-2024

Abstract

Gli ambienti acustici delle aule scolastiche spesso non rispettano le gli standard normativi. Ambienti rumorosi possono non solo influenzare negativamente le abilità percettive dei bambini, ma anche avere un effetto negativo sulle loro prestazioni cognitive. Questo studio presenta risultati preliminari su come il rumore di fondo possa influenzare i processi cognitivi e di apprendimento dei bambini di scuola primaria. I bambini di due scuole primarie sono stati testati in aula e in due diverse condizioni acustiche: quiete e rumore. L'app CoEN (Cognitive Effort in Noise) è stata sviluppata e utilizzata per valutare lo sforzo cognitivo dei bambini mediante test neuropsicologici standardizzati e ai bambini è stato chiesto di svolgere anche una prova di comprensione del testo e una prova di scrittura. Le prestazioni sono state correlate anche con misure ambientali acustiche e con un questionario di autovalutazione dello sforzo cognitivo percepito. I risultati preliminari supportano solo parzialmente l'ipotesi che il rumore influenzi negativamente le prestazioni cognitive. Nella prima scuola il rumore ha avuto un impatto negativo sulle prestazioni dei bambini nei compiti di attenzione, nella seconda scuola al contrario i bambini hanno ottenuto risultati migliori nel rumore sia nelle prove di attenzione e inibizione, sia nel compito di scrittura. A differenza della prima scuola, la seconda scuola aveva un tempo di riverbero che non rispettava gli standard normativi. Questi risultati iniziali suggeriscono interessanti ipotesi e direzioni per futuri studi. Allo stesso tempo, rivelano alcune debolezze nel protocollo sperimentale che dovranno essere risolte al fine di trovare nuove evidenze e approfondire ulteriormente le domande di ricerca.

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