In recent years, sustainability has become a critical issue across various sectors, including the domain of noise mitigation. Stakeholders face challenges in evaluating the social, economic, and environmental impacts of noise mitigation measures due to the evolving and uncertain nature of available assessment techniques. There exists a plethora of methods and indicators for conducting sustainability assessments, leading to confusion and complexity in determining the most effective approach. To address these challenges, the Italian PIARC committee TC 3.4.2 embarked on a comprehensive study to identify and analyse the most reliable techniques for assessing the sustainability of noise mitigation solutions for roads. This study ranged from exploring Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment methods to examining the newer Envision protocol. It aimed at defining sustainability from the viewpoints of infrastructure managers, users, and the general population, and at identifying specific criteria and indicators for evaluating the performance of noise mitigation solutions, as well as the methodologies suitable to their sustainability assessment.