The Italy CAP National Strategic Plan 2023-2027 (PSP), among other innovations, introduces the new category of olive groves of landscape and historical value as a biocultural resource provider of ecosystem services to be protected and enhanced. Such recognition is part of a long path actives since the 2000s involving policies related to both cultural heritage and agricultural areas. The paper has a double objective: to discuss the regulatory framework and to reconstruct the history of legislation up to the PSP; to explore the potential of geographic-historical approaches and methods for characterizing this landscape heritage using two case studies at the local scale. In conclusion, the research potential of olive grove landscapes biographies is brought out and some elements for discussion of agricultural heritage policies are proposed.