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Food Access, Spatial Differences, and Social Protection Targeting: Evidence from Central Java

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/ecag2026oa22101
Submitted
febbraio 19, 2026
Published
2026-07-07

Abstract

Social protection programs are important policy instruments for addressing food insecurity. This study examines the statistical relationships between food access, area of residence, and social protection participation in Central Java using quantitative and qualitative data. A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach is applied to explore structural associations among these variables. The results indicate that food access is positively associated with social protection participation, suggesting that households experiencing food access constraints are more likely to be linked with such programs. Spatial differences are also observed: urban households appear to face greater food access challenges, while rural households are statistically more likely to be associated with social protection participation. Area of residence further shows a significant indirect association in the relationship between food access and social protection. These findings highlight the importance of improving the alignment between social protection targeting and evolving food access vulnerabilities, particularly in urban areas.

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