Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Regular Articles

Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025)

Incorporating social dimensions and sustainable marketing into an agri-food company's development strategy

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/ecag2025oa18100
Submitted
luglio 10, 2024
Published
2025-05-05

Abstract

Including sustainability in the corporate strategy is the main way for a company to be competitive and thrive in the long term. In this scenario, a strategic and evolutionary approach gains considerable importance: sustainable marketing. It is focused on developing future-oriented solutions in the market while considering environmental, social, and ethical aspects as to generate effects on entire systems in terms of institutions, value chains, or sectors. The agri-food sector experiences growing awareness and concern among stakeholders about not only the environmental but also the social and ethical aspects. This can translate into market opportunities for companies that differentiate themselves from competitors by offering products that reassure and comfort the consumer. This paper aims to investigate the role of the social dimension expressed in its main indicators within an agri-food company's sustainable marketing strategy and the benefits or risks that can be recognized within a growth strategy with local and international. Specifically, using the qualitative, in-depth single case study methodology, the research explores how a medium-sized dairy company located in a geographical area characterized by high limitations integrated its social dimension within its business philosophy and how this integration is at the basis of its strategy of covering historical markets, commercial development in the Italian market and expansion towards foreign markets. Considering the new market scenarios, the study significantly contributes to policymakers, practitioners, and academic debate on the social sustainability dimension in agriculture.

References

  1. A SD (2023). Annual Benefit Report 2022. -- www.arborea1956.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023_05_12-Report-Arborea_psingole.pdf.
  2. A SD (2024, March 1). Cooperativa Assegnatari Associati Arborea (3A). Arborea. -- www.arborea1956.com/.
  3. Agyemang, M., Kusi-Sarpong, S., Agyemang, J., Jia, F., & Adzanyo, M. (2022). Determining and evaluating socially sustainable supply chain criteria in agri-sector of developing countries: Insights from West Africa cashew industry. Production Planning & Control, 33(11), 1115-1133. Doi: 10.1080/09537287.2020.1852479.
  4. Ajmal, M. M., Khan, M., Hussain, M., & Helo, P. (2018). Conceptualizing and incorporating social sustainability in the business world. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 25(4), 327-339. Doi: 10.1080/13504509.2017.1408714.
  5. Ali, W., Mahmood, Z., Wilson, J., & Ismail, H. (2024). The impact of sustainability governance attributes on comprehensive CSR reporting: A developing country setting. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(3), 1802-1817. Doi: 10.1002/csr.2677.
  6. Allen, P., Dusen, D. V., Lundy, J., & Gliessman, S. (1991). Integrating social, environmental, and economic issues in sustainable agriculture. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 6(1), 34-39. Doi: 10.1017/S0889189300003787.
  7. Altroconsumo (2024). Yogurt: I migliori sul mercato secondo i test Altroconsumo #. -- www.altroconsumo.it/organizzazione/media-e-press/comunicati/2022/testyogurt.
  8. Ballet, J., Bazin, D., & Mahieu, F.-R. (2020). A policy framework for social sustainability: Social cohesion, equity and safety. Sustainable Development, 28(5), 1388-1394. Doi: 10.1002/sd.2092.
  9. Becchetti, L., & Salustri, F. (2019). The Vote with the Wallet Game: Responsible Consumerism as a Multiplayer Prisoner’s Dilemma. Sustainability, 11(4), 4. Doi: 10.3390/su11041109.
  10. Belz, F. M., & Peattie, K. J. (2009). Sustainability marketing: A global perspective. Wiley, Chichester, UK.
  11. Bertarini, B. (2016). La società benefit: Spunti di riflessione sulle nuove prospettive del settore non profit. Diritto e Giustizia, 14, 1-23.
  12. Boström, M. (2012). A missing pillar? Challenges in theorizing and practicing social sustainability: Introduction to the special issue. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 8(1), 3-14. Doi: 10.1080/15487733.2012.11908080.
  13. Bryła, P. (2019). Regional Ethnocentrism on the Food Market as a Pattern of Sustainable Consumption. Sustainability, 11(22), 22. Doi: 10.3390/su11226408.
  14. Carter, M., Grover, V., & Thatcher, J. B. (2011). The emerging CIO role of business technology strategist. MIS Quarterly Executive, 10(1).
  15. Castillo-Díaz, F. J., Belmonte-Ureña, L. J., López-Serrano, M. J., & Camacho-Ferre, F. (2023). Assessment of the sustainability of the European agri-food sector in the context of the circular economy. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 40, 398-411. Doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2023.07.010.
  16. Chandler, D. (2016). Strategic corporate social responsibility: Sustainable value creation (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
  17. Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. Sage Publications.
  18. Charter, M., Peattie, K., Ottman, J., & Polonsky, M. J. (2002). Marketing and sustainability. Centre for Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability and Society (BRASS) in Association with The Centre for Sustainable Design, April, 324.
  19. CLAL News. (2024, January 11). The future of the Arborea Cooperative. CLAL News. -- https://news.clal.it/it/il-futuro-della-cooperativa-arborea-intervista-aldirettore-manca/.
  20. Corsi, K., & Arru, B. (2021). Role and implementation of sustainability management control tools: Critical aspects in the Italian context. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 1. Doi: 10.1108/AAAJ-02-2019-3887.
  21. Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, A., & Sheikh, A. (2011). The case study approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), 100. Doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-11-100.
  22. Day, G. S. (1994). The Capabilities of Market-Driven Organizations. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 37-52. Doi: 10.1177/002224299405800404.
  23. Day, G. S. (2014). An outside-in approach to resource-based theories. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42(1), 27-28. Doi: 10.1007/s11747-013-0348-3.
  24. Diazabakana, A., Latruffe, L., Bockstaller, C., Desjeux, Y., Finn, J., Kelly, E., Ryan, M., & Uthes, S. (2014). A Review of Farm Level Indicators of Sustainability with a Focus on CAP and FADN. FLINT. [Retrieved From].
  25. Drempetic, S., Klein, C., & Zwergel, B. (2020). The Influence of Firm Size on the ESG Score: Corporate Sustainability Ratings Under Review. Journal of Business Ethics, 167(2), 333-360. Doi: 10.1007/s10551-019-04164-1.
  26. Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2014). The impact of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Management Science, 60(11), 2835-2857. Doi: 10.1287/mnsc.2014.1984.
  27. Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study Research. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550. Doi: 10.2307/258557.
  28. El Bilali, H. (2019). Research on agro-food sustainability transitions: A systematic review of research themes and an analysis of research gaps. Journal of Cleaner Production, 221, 353-364. Scopus. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.232.
  29. Emery, B. (2012). Sustainable marketing. Pearson Harlow, UK.
  30. Epstein, M. J. (2008). Implementing corporate sustainability: Measuring and managing social and environmental impacts. Strategic Finance, 89(7), 24-31.
  31. European Commission (2024, November 18). Milk market observatory. -- https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/data-and-analysis/markets/overviews/market-observatories/milk_en.
  32. FAO (2018). Sustainable food systems: Concept and framework. -- www.fao.org/3/ca2079en/CA2079EN.pdf.
  33. Flick, U. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. Sage Publications.
  34. Frau, M., & Cabiddu, F. (2016). Exploring the Traits of Marketing Strategy Approaches: The Latte Arborea Case Study, 2(1), 43-60.
  35. Frau, M., Moi, L., & Cabiddu, F. (2020). Outside-in, inside-out, and blended marketing strategy approach: A longitudinal case study. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 12(3), 1-13. Doi: 10.5539/ijms.v12n3p1.
  36. Fuller, D. A. (1999). Sustainable Marketing: Managerial - Ecological Issues. Sage Publications.
  37. GDOWEEK (2023, May 19). Arborea: Una storia connessa con il territorio sardo. Gdoweek. -- www.gdoweek.it/linkontro-arborea-una-storia-connessa-con-ilterritorio-sardo/.
  38. Giudici, E., Caboni, F., & Ramos, B. F. P. G. (2013). Stressing the Central Role of Integrity for Successful Firms. In W. Amann & A. Stachowicz-Stanusch (Eds.), Integrity in Organizations: Building the Foundations for Humanistic Management (pp. 230-248). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Doi: 10.1057/9781137280350_12.
  39. Gong, Y., Xiao, J., Tang, X., & Li, J. (2023). How sustainable marketing influences the customer engagement and sustainable purchase intention? The moderating role of corporate social responsibility. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. -- www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1128686.
  40. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. Sage Publications.
  41. Harrison, H., Birks, M., Franklin, R., & Mills, J. (2017). Case Study Research: Foundations and Methodological Orientations. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 18(1). -- www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/2655.
  42. Hart, S. L., & Milstein, M. B. (2003). Creating sustainable value. Academy of Management Perspectives, 17(2), 56-67.
  43. Henchion, M., De Backer, C., & Hudders, L. (2017). Ethical and sustainable aspects of meat production; Consumer perceptions and system credibility. In New Aspects of Meat Quality (pp. 649-666). Elsevier. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100593-4.00027-8.
  44. Hesse, A., & Rundau, J. (2023). Effects of Sustainable Marketing on Fast Fashion Shoppers’ Perception and Behavioral Inertia. Journal of Sustainable Marketing, 4(2), 265-285. Doi: 10.51300/JSM-2023-114.
  45. Hiller, J. S. (2013). The Benefit Corporation and Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(2), 287-301. Doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1580-3.
  46. Holmemo, M. D.-Q., Rolfsen, M., & Ingvaldsen, J. A. (2018). Lean thinking: Outside-in, bottom-up? The paradox of contemporary soft lean and consultantdriven lean implementation. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 29(1-2), 148-160. Doi: 10.1080/14783363.2016.1171705.
  47. Iannuzzi, A. (2017). Greener products: The making and marketing of sustainable brands. CRC Press.
  48. ISMEA (2024a). Lattiero caseari – Latte e derivati bovini – Dati – Osservatorio latte alla stalla – Prezzi internazionali. -- www.ismeamercati.it. www.ismeamercati.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/3721.
  49. ISMEA (2024b). Lattiero caseari – Latte e derivati bovini – News e analisi – Tendenze – N. 2/2023 – Dicembre 2023. -- www.ismeamercati.it. www.ismeamercati.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/12927.
  50. Janker, J., & Mann, S. (2020). Understanding the social dimension of sustainability in agriculture: A critical review of sustainability assessment tools. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(3), 1671-1691. Doi: 10.1007/s10668-018-0282-0.
  51. Jung, J., Kim, S. J., & Kim, K. H. (2020). Sustainable marketing activities of traditional fashion market and brand loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 120, 294-301. Doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.019.
  52. Karam, A. A., Hamo, R. H., Rashid, H. M., Jarjes, D. A., Mohammed, C. S., & Obaid, S. H. (2018). The effect of marketing strategy implementation on organization performance as a private business: Case of Cihan University Duhok Camps KRG-Iraq. International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research (IJBMER), 9(3), 1281-1295.
  53. Kelley, J. G., & Simmons, B. A. (2015). Politics by number: Indicators as social pressure in international relations. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 55-70. Scopus. Doi: 10.1111/ajps.12119.
  54. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Harris, L. C., & He, H. (2019). Principles of Marketing. Pearson UK.
  55. Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., & Setiawan, I. (2016). Marketing 4.0: Moving from Traditional to Digital. John Wiley & Sons.
  56. Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., & Setiawan, I. (2021). Marketing 5.0: Technology for Humanity. John Wiley & Sons.
  57. Kozlenkova, I. V., Samaha, S. A., & Palmatier, R. W. (2014). Resource-based theory in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42(1), 1-21. Doi: 10.1007/s11747-013-0336-7.
  58. Kramer, M. R., & Porter, M. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62-77.
  59. Kumar, B. (2018). Sustainability Marketing and Its Outcomes: A Discussion in the Context of Emerging Markets. In A. Adhikari (Ed.), Strategic Marketing Issues in Emerging Markets (pp. 327-341). Springer. Doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-6505-7_30.
  60. Kumar, V., Rahman, Z., Kazmi, A. A., & Goyal, P. (2012). Evolution of Sustainability as Marketing Strategy: Beginning of New Era. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 37, 482-489. Doi. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.313.
  61. Kuwu, E. A., & Gakure, R. W. (2014). Effects of marketing strategies, 4ps of marketing elements and firm resources on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Research in Statistics, Management and Finance, 2(1), 102-117.
  62. Lebacq, T., Baret, P. V., & Stilmant, D. (2013). Sustainability indicators for livestock farming. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(2), 311-327. Doi: 10.1007/s13593-012-0121-x.
  63. Lillis, B., & Lane, R. (2007). Auditing the strategic role of operations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(3), 191-210. Doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00209.x.
  64. Lim, J. S., & Greenwood, C. A. (2017). Communicating corporate social responsibility (CSR): Stakeholder responsiveness and engagement strategy to achieve CSR goals. Public Relations Review, 43(4), 768-776. Doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.06.007.
  65. Lubin, D. A., & Esty, D. C. (2010). The sustainability imperative. Harvard Business Review, 88(5), 42-50.
  66. Maas, S., Schuster, T., & Hartmann, E. (2018). Stakeholder Pressures, Environmental Practice Adoption and Economic Performance in the German Third-party Logistics Industry – A Contingency Perspective. Journal of Business Economics, 88(2), 167-201. Doi: 10.1007/s11573-017-0872-6.
  67. Martin, D., & Schouten, J. (2012). Sustainable marketing (Vol. 1). Prentice Hall Boston.
  68. Massuça, J., Marta-Costa, A., & Raquel Lucas, M. (2023). Social dimension of sustainability: Assessment in the agribusiness context. New Medit, 22(2). Doi: 10.30682/nm2302e.
  69. Maurya, U. K., Mishra, P., Anand, S., & Kumar, N. (2015). Corporate identity, customer orientation and performance of SMEs: Exploring the linkages. IIMB Management Review, 27(3), 159-174. Doi: 10.1016/j.iimb.2015.05.001.
  70. Melé, D. (2003). The Challenge of Humanistic Management. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(1), 77-88. Doi: 10.1023/A:1023298710412.
  71. Menghwar, P. S., & Daood, A. (2021). Creating shared value: A systematic review, synthesis and integrative perspective. International Journal of Management Reviews, 23(4), 466-485. Doi: 10.1111/ijmr.12252.
  72. Montero-Navarro, A., González-Torres, T., Rodríguez-Sánchez, J.-L., & Gallego-Losada, R. (2021). A bibliometric analysis of greenwashing research: A closer look at agriculture, food industry and food retail. British Food Journal, 123(13), 547-560. Doi: 10.1108/BFJ-06-2021-0708.
  73. Murphy, P. E. (2005). Sustainable Marketing. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 24(1/2), 171-198. Doi: 10.5840/bpej2005241/210.
  74. Noor, K. B. M. (2008). Case Study: A Strategic Research Methodology. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(11), 1602-1604. Doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2008.1602.1604.
  75. Obermiller, C., Burke, C., & Atwood, A. (2008). Sustainable business as marketing strategy. Innovative Marketing, 4(3), 20-27.
  76. Oliveira, P., & Sullivan, A. (2008). Sustainability and Its Impact on Brand Value. Environmental Leader, 28.
  77. Orou Sannou, R., Kirschke, S., & Günther, E. (2023). Integrating the social perspective into the sustainability assessment of agri-food systems: A review of indicators. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 39, 175-190. Doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2023.05.014.
  78. Park, J. Y., Perumal, S. V., Sanyal, S., Ah Nguyen, B., Ray, S., Krishnan, R., Narasimhaiah, R., & Thangam, D. (2022). Sustainable Marketing Strategies as an Essential Tool of Business. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 81(2), 359-379. Doi. 10.1111/ajes.12459.
  79. Parrilla-González, J. A. P., & Ortega-Alonso, D. O. (2022). Sustainable Development Goals in the Andalusian olive oil cooperative sector: Heritage, innovation, gender perspective and sustainability. New Medit: Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment = Revue Méditerranéenne d’economie, Agriculture et Environment, 21(2), 31-42. Doi: 10.30682/nm2202c.
  80. Puma-Flores, M., & Rosa-Díaz, I. M. (2024). Promoting sustainable agri-food systems through sustainability and responsible marketing: The case of peruvian companies at international trade shows. Journal of Cleaner Production, 448, 141568. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141568.
  81. Quoquab, F., Mohamed Sadom, N. Z., & Mohammad, J. (2021). Sustainable Marketing. In D. Crowther & S. Seifi (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 1269-1292). Springer International Publishing. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-42465-7_76.
  82. Rastogi, T., Agarwal, B., & Gopal, G. (2024). Exploring the nexus between sustainable marketing and customer loyalty with the mediating role of brand image. Journal of Cleaner Production, 440, 140808. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140808.
  83. Reutlinger, J. (2012). Sustainable Marketing: The Importance of Being a Sustainable Business. -- Available at: https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2012112716711.
  84. Rodríguez-Olalla, A., & Avilés-Palacios, C. (2017). Integrating sustainability in organisations: An activity-based sustainability model. Sustainability, 9(6), 1072. Doi: 10.3390/su9061072.
  85. Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed., pp. 432-448). Free Press.
  86. Rondinelli, D. A. (2004). Creating a vision for environmental responsibility in multinational corporations: Executive leadership and organizational change. Journal of International Business Education, 1(1), 5-22.
  87. Rudawska, E. (2018a). From Sustainable Market Orientation to Sustainability Marketing. In E. Rudawska (Ed.), The Sustainable Marketing Concept in European SMEs (pp. 53-79). Emerald Publishing Limited. Doi: 10.1108/978-1-78754-038-520180004.
  88. Rudawska, E. (2018b). The sustainable marketing concept in European SMEs: Insights from the food & drink industry. Emerald Publishing Limited.
  89. Ruhnke, K., & Gabriel, A. (2013). Determinants of voluntary assurance on sustainability reports: An empirical analysis. Journal of Business Economics, 83(9), 1063-1091. Doi: 10.1007/s11573-013-0686-0.
  90. Schultz, F., Castelló, I., & Morsing, M. (2013). The Construction of Corporate Social Responsibility in Network Societies: A Communication View. Journal of Business Ethics, 115(4), 681-692. Doi: 10.1007/s10551-013-1826-8.
  91. Schulz, D., Jonker, J., & Faber, N. (2018). Outside-In Constructions of Organizational Legitimacy: Sensitizing the Influence of Evaluative Judgments Through Mass Self-Communication in Online Communities. International Journal of Communication, 12, 290-312.
  92. Sellnow, T. L., Ulmer, R. R., Seeger, M. W., & Littlefield, R. S. (Eds.). (2009). The Case Study Approach. In Effective Risk Communication: A Message-Centered Approach (pp. 53-63). Springer. Doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-79727-4_4.
  93. Shafer, S. M., Smith, H. J., & Linder, J. C. (2005). The power of business models. Business Horizons, 48(3), 199-207.
  94. Sidhoum, A. A. (2018). Valuing social sustainability in agriculture: An approach based on social outputs’ shadow prices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 203, 273-286. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.212.
  95. Spychalska-Wojtkiewicz, M. (2020). The Relation between Sustainable Development Trends and Customer Value Management. Sustainability, 12(14), Article 14. Doi: 10.3390/su12145496.
  96. Stake, R. E. (2013). Multiple Case Study Analysis. Guilford Press.
  97. Sujanska, L., & Nadanyiova, M. (2023). Sustainable Marketing and its Impact on the Image of the Company. Marketing i Menedžment Innovacij, 14(2), 51-57. Doi: 10.21272/mmi.2023.2-06.
  98. Testa, S., Nielsen, K. R., Vallentin, S., & Ciccullo, F. (2022). Sustainability oriented innovation in the agri-food system: Current issues and the road ahead. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 179, 121653. Doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121653.
  99. Toussaint, M., Cabanelas, P., & Blanco-González, A. (2021). Social sustainability in the food value chain: An integrative approach beyond corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(1), 103-115. Doi: 10.1002/csr.2035.
  100. Toussaint, M., Cabanelas, P., & Muñoz-Dueñas, P. (2022). Social sustainability in the food value chain: What is and how to adopt an integrative approach?. Quality & Quantity, 56(4), 2477-2500. Doi: 10.1007/s11135-021-01236-1.
  101. Tracy, S. J., & Hinrichs, M. M. (2017). Big Tent Criteria for Qualitative Quality. In The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods (pp. 1-10). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Doi: 10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0016.
  102. Trivedi, K., Trivedi, P., & Goswami, V. (2018). Sustainable marketing strategies: Creating business value by meeting consumer expectation. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJMESS), 7(2), 186-205.
  103. United Nations. (2020). Food security and nutrition and sustainable agriculture. -- https://sdgs.un.org/topics/food-security-and-nutrition-and-sustainable-agriculture.
  104. Vafaei, S. A., Azmoon, I., & Fekete-Farkas, M. (2019). The impact of perceived sustainable marketing policies on green customer satisfaction. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 19(1), 475-491. Doi: 10.17512/pjms.2019.19.1.36.
  105. van Dam, Y. K., & Apeldoorn, P. A. C. (1996). Sustainable Marketing. Journal of Macromarketing, 16(2), 45-56. Doi: 10.1177/027614679601600204.
  106. Waddock, S. (2001). Integrity and Mindfulness: Foundations of corporate citizenship*. In Perspectives on Corporate Citizenship. Routledge.
  107. Westcott Alessandri, S. (2001). Modeling corporate identity: A concept explication and theoretical explanation. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 6(4), 173-182.
  108. Whitelock, V. G. (2019). Multidimensional environmental social governance sustainability framework: Integration, using a purchasing, operations, and supply chain management context. Sustainable Development, 27(5), 923-931. Doi: 10.1002/sd.1951.
  109. Whittemore, R., Chase, S. K., & Mandle, C. L. (2001). Validity in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Health Research, 11(4), 522-537. Doi: 10.1177/104973201129119299.
  110. Williamson, O. E. (1991). Strategizing, economizing, and economic organization. Strategic Management Journal, 12(S2), 75-94. Doi: 10.1002/smj.4250121007.
  111. Yalo, M. I., Enimola, D. J., & Nafiu, A. T. (2019). Effects of marketing strategies on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Kogi State. Nigeria: Kogi State University.
  112. Yin, R. K. (1981). The Case Study Crisis: Some Answers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(1), 58-65. Doi: 10.2307/2392599.
  113. Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods (IV, Vol. 14). Sage Publications. -- http://journals.nipissingu.ca/index.php/cjar/article/view/73.
  114. Yin, R. K. (2017). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. Sage Publications.
  115. Zinkhan, G. M., Ganesh, J., Jaju, A., & Hayes, L. (2001). Corporate image: A conceptual framework for strategic planning. American Marketing Association. Conference Proceedings, 12, 152.
  116. Zorzini, M., Hendry, L. C., Huq, F. A., & Stevenson, M. (2015). Socially responsible sourcing: Reviewing the literature and its use of theory. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 35(1), 60-109. Doi: 10.1108/IJOPM-07-2013-0355.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Most read articles by the same author(s)