Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Regular Articles

Vol. 22 No. 1 (2020)

Introducing quinoa in Turkey – farmers perception in the region of Adana

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/ecag1-2020oa10063
Submitted
giugno 22, 2020
Published
2020-06-22

Abstract

In order to look for a more diverse and sustainable cropping system with high value crops in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, the drought and salt tolerant crop quinoa was analysed as an alternative to the current major crops, for instance wheat.
This study investigates the conditions for growing quinoa in Adana, and how they are perceived among farmers in the region. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research was employed to group farmers into segments according to their willingness to adopt quinoa. Findings from this study indicate that farmers in Adana perceive quinoa as a crop likely to be adopted in their cropping system if they can gain market access with the new crop. Farmers’ previous knowledge regarding the crop, concerns about drought and salt risk and farm characteristics also appear to be determining the farmers’ attitude towards new crops.

References

  1. Abebe, G.K., Bijman, J., Pascucci, S. & Omta, O. (2013). Adoption of improved potato varieties in Ethiopia: The role of agricultural knowledge and innovation system and smallholder farmers’ quality assessment. Agricultural Systems, 122, 22-32, doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2013.07.008.
  2. Ajayi, O.C., Franzel, S., Kuntashula, E. & Kwesiga, F. (2003). Adoption of improved fallow technology for soil fertility management in Zambia: empirical studies and emerging issues. Agroforestry Systems, 59, 317-326, doi: 10.1023/B:AGFO.0000005232.87048.03.
  3. Ajayi, O.C., Akinnifesi, F.K., Sileshi, G. & Chakeredza, S. (2007). Adoption of renewable soil fertility replenishment technologies in the southern African region: lessons learnt and the way forward. Natural Resources Forum, 31(4), 306-317, doi: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.2007.00163.x.
  4. Aloui, O. & Kenny, L. (2004). The Cost of Compliance with SPS Standards for Moroccan Exports: A Case Study. Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper. The World Bank. p. 33.
  5. Amjad, M., Akhtar S.S., Yang A., Akhtar J. & Jacobsen S.-E. (2015). Antioxidative Response of Quinoa Exposed to Iso-Osmotic, Ionic and Non-Ionic Salt Stress. J Agro Crop Sci., 201, 452-460, doi: 10.111/jac.12140.
  6. Andersen P. (2012). Challenges for under-utilized crops illustrated by ricebean (Vigna umbellata) in India and Nepal. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 10(2), 164-174, doi: 10.1080/14735903.2012.674401.
  7. Arslan, A. & Taylor, J.E. (2009). Farmers’ subjective valuation of subsistence crops: the case of traditional maize in Mexico. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 91(4), 956-972, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01323.x.
  8. Arslan, A., McCarthy, N. Lipper, L., Asfaw, S. & Cattaneo, A. (2013). Adoption and intensity of adoption of conservation farming practices in Zambia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 187, 1 April 2014, 72-86, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.017.
  9. Bazile, D., Bertero, H.D. & Nieto C. (eds) (2015). State of the Art Report on Quinoa Around the World in 2013. Roma: fao & cirad, 589.
  10. Bazile, D., Jacobsen, S-E., and & Verniau A. (2016), The Global Expansion of Quinoa: Trends and Limits. Front Plant Sci., 7, 622, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00622.
  11. Becker, V.I., Goessling, J.W., Duarte, B., Cacador, I., Liu, F., Rosenqvist, E., & Jacobsen, S.-E. (2017). Combined effects of soil salinity and high temperature on photosynthesis and growth of quinoa plants (Chenopodium quinoa). Functional Plant Biology, 44, 665-678, doi: 10.1071/FP16370.
  12. Bellon, R.M. & Taylor, J.E. (1993). Folk soil taxonomy and the partial adoption of new seed varieties. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 41(4), 763-786, doi: 10.1086/452047.
  13. Benlhabib, O., Yazar, A., Qadir M., Lourenço E. & Jacobsen, S.-E. (2014). How can we improve Mediterranean cropping systems? J Agro Crop Sci, 200, 325-332, doi: 10.1111/jac.12066.
  14. Bogue, J. & Yu, H. (2009). Market-orientated New Product Development of Novel Foods: The Case of Functional Cereal Beverages. University College Cork Agribusiness Discussion Paper No. 51.
  15. Calinski, T. & Harabasz, J. (1974). A dendrite method for cluster analysis. Communications in Statistics, 3, 1-27, doi: 10.1080/03610927408827101.
  16. Çukurova Development Agency. (2007). TR62 (Adana, Mersin) Socio-Economic Study Report, - From: www.dps.tesoro.it.
  17. CBI (2012). CBI market information: Quinoa – EU- Peru 13.04.2012. -- Compiled for CBI by Profound -- Advisors in Development. www.cbi.eu.
  18. Euromonitor (2011). Gluten-free remains one of the most dynamic health and wellness categories, -- Available at: http://blog.euromonitor.com/2011/02/glutenfree-remains-one-of-the-most-dynamic-health-and-wellness-categories.html.
  19. Everitt, B.S., Landau, S., Leese, M. & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster Analysis, 5th edition, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.
  20. Fao (2012). fao statistics 2012, -- www.FAO.arg.
  21. Fao (2019). fao statistics 2019, -- www.FAO.arg.
  22. Fao (2013). Food Outlook, Biannual report on global food markets, Trade and Market Division of fao, Ekaterina Krivonos pp., -- www.fao.org, accessed 2.5.2014.
  23. Feder, G., Just R.E. & Zilberman D. (1985). Adoption of Agricultural Innovations in Developing Countries: A Survey, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 33(2), 255-298, doi: 10.1086/451461.
  24. Franzel, S., Denning, G.L., Lillesø-Barnekow, J.P. & Mercado, A.R. (2004). Scaling up the impact of agroforestry: lessons from three sites in Africa and Asia. World Agro-forestry Centre Kenya and the Philippines. Agroforestry Systems, 61-62(1-3), 329-344.
  25. Gachango, F.G., Andersen, L.M. & Pedersen, S. M. (2014), Adoption of milk cooling technology among smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 46(1), 179-184, doi: 10.1007/s11250-013-0472-6.
  26. Galwey, N.W., Leakey, C.L.A., Price, K.R. & Fenwick, G.R. (1990). Chemical composition and nutritional characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Food Sciences and Nutrition, 4, 245-261, doi: 10.1080/09543465.1989.11904148.
  27. Gamboa, C., Schuster, M., Schrevens, E. & Maertens, M. (2017). The Quinoa Boom and the Welfare of Smallholder Producers in the Andes, Bioeconomics Working Paper Series, Working Paper 2017/03, University of Leuven p. 36.
  28. Hirich, A., Choukr-Allah, R. & Jacobsen, S.-E. (2014). Quinoa in Morocco - Effect of sowing dates on development and yield. J. Agron. Crop Sci., 200, 371-377, doi: 10.1111/jac.12071.
  29. Jacobsen, S.-E. (2017). Adaptation and scope for quinoa in Northern latitudes of Europe. J. Agro.Crop Sci., 203, 603-613, doi: 10.1111/jac.12228.
  30. Jacobsen, S.-E. & Christiansen, J. L. (2016). Some Agronomic Strategies for Organic Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). J. Agronomy & Crop Science, 202, 454-463, doi: 10.1111/jac.12174.
  31. Jacobsen, S.-E., Sørensen, M., Pedersen, S.M. & Weiner, J. (2013). Feeding the world, genetically modified crops versus agricultural biodiversity, Agronomy for sustainable development, 33(4), 651-662, doi: 10.1007/s13593-013-0138-9.
  32. Jacobsen, S-E., Sørensen M., Pedersen S.M. & Weiner. J. (2015). Using our agrobiodiversity: plant-based solutions to feed the world. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 35, 1217-1235, doi: 10.1007/s13593-015-0325-y.
  33. Jensen, C.R., Ørum, J.E. Pedersen, S.M., Andersen, M.N., Plauborg, F., Liu F. & Jacobsen, S.-E. (2014). A Short Overview of Measures for Securing Water Resources for Irrigated Crop Production. J Agro Crop Sci, 200, 333-343, doi: 10.1111/jac.12067.
  34. Kearney, K. (2010). Food consumption trends and drivers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365, 2793-2807, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0149.
  35. Knight, J. Weir, S. & Woldehanna, T. (2003). The role of education in facilitating risk-taking and innovation in agricuture. The journal of Development studies, 39(6), 1-22, doi: 10.1080/00220380312331293567.
  36. Knowler, D. & Bradshaw, B. (2007). Farmers’ adoption of conservation agriculture: a review and synthesis of recent research. Food Policy, 32(1), 25-48, doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.01.003.
  37. Koekoek (2019). Europena quinoa imports grow 3%. -- www.mercado.nl 14. Jan 2019.
  38. Kotler, P. & Keller, K.L. (2006). Identifying Market Segments and Targets, Marketing management, 12th edition, Pearson Education Singapore, p. 234.
  39. Koyro, H.-W. & Eisa, S.S. (2008). Effect of salinity on composition, viability and germination of seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Plant and Soil, 302(1-2), 79-90, doi: 10.1007/s11104-007-9457-4.
  40. Kusadokoro, M. & Maru, T. (2006). The Features of Agriculture in Adana Prefecture. -- Retrieved Jun 2012, from The iccap Project: www.chikyu.ac.jp.
  41. Lavini, A., Pulvento, C., d’Andria, R., Riccardi, M., Choukr-Allah, R., Belhabib, O., Yazar, A., İncekaya, Ç., Sezen, S.M., Qadir, M. & Jacobsen. S.-E. (2014). Quinoa’s potential in the Mediterranean region. J. Agro Crop Sci, 200, 344-360, doi: 10.1111/jac.12069.
  42. Lavini, A., Riccardi, M., Pulvento, C., Melilli, M.G., Ruccuia, S.A., Bognanni, R., Di Fiori, R., Troisi, J., Izzi, A. & d’Andria, R. (2013). Response of yield and seed quality of Chenopodium quinoa varieties grown under rain-fed conditions in South Italy and comparisons of rheologicalo properties of gluten free dought with adition of soulable dietary fiber (Inulin). International Conference on: Sustainable Water Use for Securing Food Production in the Mediterranean region under Changing Climate, Agadir, Morocco, March 10-15, 2013.
  43. Lawson, L.G. Larsen, A.S., Pedersen, S.M. & Gylling, M. (2009). Perception of Genetically Modified crops among Danish farmers, Food Economics, Acta. Agricultura Scand. C, 6, 99-118, doi: 10.1080/16507540903474699.
  44. Panuccio, M.R., Jacobsen, S.-E., Akhtar, S.S. & Muscolo, A. (2014). Effect of saline water on seed germination and early seedling growth of the halophyte quinoa. AoB plants, 6: plu047; doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu047.
  45. Ofstehage A. (2012). The construction of an alternative quinoa economy: balancing solidarity, household needs, and profit in San Agustín, Bolivia. Agriculture and Human Values, 29(4), 441-454, doi: 10.1007/s10460-012-9371-0.
  46. Pedersen, S.M., Boesen, M.V. & Ørum J.E. (2013). Institutional and structural barriers for implementing on-farm water saving irrigation systems, Food Economics, 9(sup5), 11-26, doi: 10.1080/2164828X.2013.859576.
  47. Phiri, D. Franzel, S., Mafongoya, P., Jere, I., Katanga, R. & Phiri, S. (2004). Who is using the new technology? The association of wealth status and gender with the planting of improved tree fallows in Eastern Province, Zambia. Agricultural Systems, 79, 131-144, doi: 10.1016/S0308-521X(03)00055-6.
  48. Razzaghi, F., Jacobsen, S.-E. Jensen, C.R. & Andersen. M.N. (2015). Ionic and photosynthetic homeostasis in quinoa challenged by salinity and droughtmechanisms of tolerance. Functional Plant Biology, 42, 136-148, doi: 10.1071/FP14132.
  49. Razzaghi, F., Ahmadi, S.H., Jacobsen, S.-E., Jensen, C.R. & Andersen., M.N. (2012). Effects of Salinity and Soil-Drying on Radiation Use Efficiency, Water Productivity and Yield of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). J. Agronomy & Crop Science, 198, 173-184, doi: 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2011.00496.x.
  50. Repo-Carrasco, R., Espinoza C. & Jacobsen, S.-E. (2003). Nutritional value and use of the Andean crops quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule). Food Reviews International, 19, 179-189, doi: 10.1081/FRI-120018884.
  51. Rojas, W., Alandia G., Irigoyen J. & Blajos, J. (2011). Quinoa: An Ancient Crop to Contribute to World Food Security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Santiago de Chile, Chile. p. 63.
  52. Ruiz, K.B., Biondi, S., Oses R., Acuña-Rodríguez, I.S., Antognoni, F., Martinez-Mosqueira, E.A., Coulibaly, A., Canahua-Murillo, A., Pinto M., Zurita-Silva, A., Bazile, D., Jacobsen, S.-E. & Molina-Montenegro, M.A. (2013). Quinoa biodiversity and sustainability for food security under climate change. A review. Agron Sustain. Dev, doi: 10.1007/s13593-013-0195-0.
  53. Schaafsma, G. & Kok, F.J. (2005). Nutritional aspects of food innovations: a focus on functional foods. In: Jogen, W.M.F. and Meulenberg, M.T.G. Innovation in Agri-Food Systems: Product Quality and Consumer Acceptance. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. Chapter 8.
  54. Smale, M. Just, R. & Leathers, H. (1994). Land allocation in hyv adoption models: An investigation of alternative explanations. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76, 535-546, doi: 10.2307/1243664.
  55. Small E. (2013). 42. Quinoa – is the United Nations’ featured crop of 2013 bad for biodiversity? Biodiversity, 14(3), 169-179, doi: 10.1080/14888386.2013.835551.
  56. Stikic, R., Glamoclija, D., Demin, M., Vucelic-Radovic, B., Jovanovic, Z., Milojkovic-Opsenica, D., Jacobsen, S.-E. & Milovanovic, M. (2012). Agronomical and nutritional evaluation of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as an ingredient in bread formulations. Journal of Cereal Science, 55, 132-138, doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.10.010.
  57. Sun, Y., Liu F., Bendevis M., Shabala S. & Jacobsen S.-E. (2014). Sensitivity of Two Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Varieties to Progressive Drought Stress. J Agro Crop Sci. 200, 12-23, doi: 10.1111/jac.12042.
  58. Turkstat (2010). Turkish Statistical Institute. -- Retrieved Jun 2012, from www.turkstat.gov.tr.
  59. Vacher, J.J (1998). Responses of two main Andean crops, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and papa amarga (Solanum juzepczukii Buk.) to drought on the Bolivian Altiplano: Significance of local adaptation. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 68, (1-2), 99-108, doi: 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00140-0.
  60. Vaidya, R. & Mogelonsky, M. (2007). The priorities of health and wellness shoppers around the globe. In: Frewer, L. and Trijp, H.V. Understanding consumers of food products. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. Chapter 19.
  61. Vilche C., Gely M., Santalla E. - Biosystems Engineering (2003). Physical Properties of Quinoa Seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 86(1), September, 59-65, doi: 10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00114-4.
  62. Yano, T., Aydin, M. & Haraguchi (2007). Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation Demand and Crop Growth in a Mediterranean Environment of Turkey. Sensors, 7(10), 2297-2315, doi: 10.3390/s7102297.
  63. Yazar, A. Incekaya, C. & Sezen, S.M. (2013). Yield response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to saline and fresh water under the Mediterranean climatic conditions, International Conference on: Sustainable Water Use for Securing Food Production in the Mediterranean region under Changing Climate, Agadir, Morocco, March 10-15.
  64. Yazar, A., Incekaya C., Sezen S.M. & Jacobsen, S.-E. (2015). Saline water irrigation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) under Mediterranean conditions. Crop & Pasture Science, 66(10), 993-1002, doi: 10.1071/CP14243.
  65. Zeller, M. Diagne, A. & Mataya, C. (1998). Market Access by Smallholder Farmers In Malawi: Implications For Technology Adoption, Agricultural Productivity, And Crop Income. Agricultural Economics, 19(1-2), 219-229, doi: 10.1016/S0169-5150(98)00027-9.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2