The National Action Plan for Mental Health (PANSM) 2025–2030 marks an ambitious effort to reshape Italy’s mental health system in response to new social and clinical challenges. Drawing on a psychological and professional policy perspective, this article critically examines the Plan’s conceptual and operational structure. While the document affirms progressive principles such as a life-course approach, community-based integration, and the biopsychosocial model, its implementation proposals often revert to a traditional, medically dominated logic. This tension between innovation and continuity risks undermining the transformative potential of the Plan and perpetuating long-standing structural imbalances in the mental health system. A stronger recognition of psychology as a key discipline in prevention, early intervention, and community health is essential for achieving the Plan’s stated goals.