The contribution aims at examining the phenomenon of food poverty from a multidisciplinary and critical viewpoint in the context of local food policies, adopting a rights-based approach. We will start by reconstructing the state of the art, from the multiple definitions associated with it in the literature and the contrasting measures that are most often implemented: the distribution of surpluses and food education. The objective is, in fact, twofold: to provide – on the one hand – a new conceptual framework (through reference to the right to food and food poverty in place of other definitions) and – on the other – giving initial policy indications to build innovative food welfare systems.