Salta al menu principale di navigazione Salta al contenuto principale Salta al piè di pagina del sito

Articoli. Cambiamento climatico e geografia

N. 2 (2022)

Cambiamenti climatici e ondate di calore in ambito urbano. Temi, problemi e vissuti della cittadinanza nel caso torinese

  • Marco Bagliani
  • Elisa Bignante
  • Egidio Dansero
  • Angela Fedi
  • Stefano Menegat
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/rgioa2-2022oa13796
Inviata
11 maggio 2022
Pubblicato
30-05-2022

Abstract

Gli eventi estremi sono uno degli esiti del cambiamento climatico con maggiori implicazioni per il vissuto delle persone. L’articolo indaga l’impatto delle ondate di calore nei contesti urbani, con un’analisi di caso studio. L’analisi intrapresa con il progetto “Ricerca
Eventi Estremi a Torino” si è basata su 120 interviste semi-strutturate agli abitanti di due quartieri periferici. I risultati hanno messo in luce tendenze già rilevate nella letteratura internazionale, in particolare la percezione delle ondate di calore come fenomeni aggravanti preesistenti condizioni di precarietà. I risultati evidenziano anche come aspetti culturali e psicosociali siano fattori chiave per la vulnerabilità dei contesti locali alle ondate di calore.

Riferimenti bibliografici

  1. Arnfield A.J. (2003). Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. International Journal of Climatology: a Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 23(1): 1-26. DOI: 10.1002/joc.859
  2. Arpa Piemonte (2020). Analisi di Vulnerabilità Climatica della Città di Torino. Torino, IT: Dipartimento Rischi Naturali e Ambientali Arpa Piemonte. Disponibile online all’indirizzo: www.comune.torino.it/torinosostenibile/documenti/200806_analisi_vulnerabilita_climatica.pdf (ultimo accesso il 9 giugno 2021).
  3. Berry H., Bowen K., Kjellstrom T. (2010). Climate Change and Mental Health. International Journal of Public Health, 55(2): 123-132. DOI: 10.1007/s00038-009-0112-0
  4. Bulkeley H., Carmin J., Broto V.C., Edwards G.A., Fuller S. (2013). Climate justice and global cities: Mapping the emerging discourses. Global Environmental Change, 23(5): 914-925. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.010
  5. Città di Torino (2020). Piano di resilienza climatica. Torino: Assessorato per le Politiche Ambientali del Comune di Torino. Disponibile online all’indirizzo: www.comune.torino.it/torinosostenibile/documenti/200727_Piano_Resilienza_Climatica_allegati. pdf (ultimo accesso il 09 giugno 2021).
  6. Coles E., Buckle P. (2004) Developing Community Resilience as a Foundation for Effective Disaster Recovery. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 19: 6-15. DOI: 10.3316/INFORMIT.375435145094637
  7. Costa G., Stroscia M., Zengarini N., Demaria M. (2017). 40 anni di salute a Torino. Spunti per leggere i bisogni e i risultati delle politiche. Milano: Inferenze. Disponibile online all’indirizzo: https://epiprev.it/pubblicazioni/40-anni-di-salute-a-torino.
  8. Cutter S.L. (2019). Community resilience, natural hazards, and climate change: Is the present a prologue to the future? Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, 74(3): 200-208. DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2019.1692066
  9. Ead., Finch C. (2018). Temporal and spatial changes in social vulnerability to natural hazards. In: Infield E.M.H., Abunnasr Y., Ryan R.L., a cura di, Planning for climate change: A reader in green infrastructure and sustainable design for resilient cities. London: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781351201117-16
  10. Ead., Boruff B.J., Shirley W.L. (2003). Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards. Social Science Quarterly, 84(2): 242-261. DOI: 10.1111/1540-6237.8402002
  11. Dalziell E.P., McManus S.T. (2004). Resilience, Vulnerability, and Adaptive Capacity: Implications for System Performance. Stoos, Switzerland: 1st International Forum for Engineering Decision Making (IFED), 5-8 Dec 2004.
  12. De Blois J., Kjellstrom T., Agewall S., Ezekowitz J.A., Armstrong P., Atar D. (2015). The effects of climate change on cardiac health. Cardiology, 131(4): 209-217. DOI: 10.1159/000398787
  13. Depietri Y., Welle T., Renaud F.G. (2013). Social vulnerability assessment of the Cologne urban area (Germany) to heat waves: Links to ecosystem services. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 6: 98-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.10.001
  14. DIST (Dipartimento Interateneo di Scienze, Progetto e Politiche del Territorio del Politecnico e dell’Università di Torino) (2016). La configurazione sociale nei diversi ambiti spaziali della città di Torino in base a dati ISTAT 2011. Rapporto di ricerca (non pubblicato).
  15. Dunne J.P., Stouffer R.J., Jasmin G.J. (2013). Reductions in labour capacity from heat stress under climate warming. Nature Climate change, 3: 563-566. DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1827
  16. Erell E., Pearlmutter D., Williamson T. (2012). Urban microclimate: designing the spaces between buildings. London: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781849775397
  17. Gencer E., Folorunsho R., Linkin M., Wang X., Natenzon C.E., Wajih S., Mani N., Esquivel M., Ali Ibrahim S., Tsuneki H., Castro R., Leone M., Panjwani D., Romero-Lankao P., Solecki W. (2018). Disasters and risk in cities. In: Rosenzweig C., Solecki W., Romero-Lankao P., Mehrotra S., Dhakal S., Ali Ibrahim S., a cura di, Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate
  18. Change Research Network. Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/9781316563878.007
  19. Hajat S., Kovats R.S., Atkinson R.W., Haines A. (2002). Impact of hot temperatures on death in London: a time series approach. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56(5): 367-372. DOI: 10.1136/jech.56.5.367
  20. Hancock P.A., Vasmatzidis I. (2003). Effects of heat stress on cognitive performance: the current state knowledge. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 19(3): 355-372. DOI: 10.1080/0265673021000054630
  21. Hansen A., Bi L., Saniotis A., Nitschke M. (2013). Vulnerability to extreme heat and climate change: Is ethnicity a factor? Global Health Action, 6(1). DOI: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.21364
  22. Hartmann D.L., Klein Tank A.M.G., Rusticucci M. et al. (2013). Observations: Atmosphere and Surface. In: IPCC, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a cura di Stocker T.F., Qin D., Plattner G.K. et al. Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University Press.
  23. IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a cura di Barros V.R., Field C.B., Dokken D.J. et al. Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University Press.
  24. Id. (2019). Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems, a cura di Shukla P.R., Skeg J., Calvo Buendia E. et al.
  25. Keim S.M., Mays M.Z., Parks B., Pytlak E., Harris R.M., Kent M.A. (2007). Heat fatalities in Pima county, Arizona. Health and Place, 13(1): 288-292. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.08.004
  26. Kjellstrom T., Maître N., Saget C., Otto M., Karimova T. (2019). Working on a warmer planet: The impact of heat stress on labour productivity and decent work. ILO - International Labour Organization.
  27. Konrad C.P. (2003). Effects of urban development on floods. U.S. Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 076-03.
  28. Legambiente (2020). Rapporto Ecosistema Urbano 2020. Disponibile online all’indirizzo: www.legambiente.it/rapporti-in-evidenza/ecosistema-urbano (ultimo accesso 9 giugno 2021).
  29. Lundgren K., Kuklane K., Gao C., Holmér I. (2013). Effects of heat stress on working populations when facing climate change. Industrial Healh, 51(1): 3-15. DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2012-0089
  30. Mehrotra S., Natenzon C.E., Omojola A., Folorunsho R., Gilbride J., Rosenzweig C. (2009). Framework for city climate risk assessment. In: Fifth Urban Research Symposium. Marseille, France.
  31. Mulligan M., Steele W., Rickards L., Fünfgeld H. (2016). Keywords in planning: what do we mean by ‘community resilience’? International Planning Studies, 21(4): 348-361.DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2016.1155974
  32. Norris F.H., Stevens S.P., Pfefferbaum B., Pfefferbaum R.L., Wyche K. (2008).
  33. Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1-2): 127-150. DOI: 10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6
  34. Pelling M., Sharpe J., Pearson L., Abeling T., Swartling Å., Forrester J., Deeming H. (2015). Social Learning and Resilience Building in the emBRACE framework. Report. Louvain-Brussels: CRED.
  35. Pelosini R. (2015). Relazione sullo stato dell’ambiente. Torino: Arpa - Agenzia Regionale di Protezione Ambientale del Piemonte.
  36. Raven J., Stone B., Mills G., Towers J., Katzschner L., Leone M.F., Gaborit P., Georgescu M., Hariri M., Lee J., LeJava J., Sharifi A., Visconti C., Rudd A. (2018). Urban Planning and Urban Design. In: Rosenzweig C., Solecki W.D., Romero-Lankao P., Mehrotra S., Dhakal S., Ibrahim S.A., a cura di, Climate change and cities: Second assessment report of the urban climate change research network. Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University Press.
  37. Reid C.E., O’Neill M., Gronlund S.J., Brines S.J., Brown D.G., Diez-Roux A.V. (2009). Mapping community Determinants of Heat vulnerability. Environment Health Perspective, 117(11). DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900683
  38. Rice J.L. (2014). An urban political ecology of climate change governance. Geography compass, 8(6): 381-394. DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12134
  39. Robine J.M., Cheung S.L., Le Roy S., van Oyen H., Herrmann F.R. (2007). Report on excess mortality in Europe during summer 2003. EU Community Action Programme for Public Health, Grant Agreement, 2005114, 28. Disponibile online all’indirizzo: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_projects/2005/action1/docs/action1_2005_a2_15_en.pdf (ultimo accesso il 9 giugno 2021).
  40. Romero-Lankao P., Qin H., Dickinson K. (2012). Urban vulnerability to temperaturerelated hazards: A meta-analysis and meta-knowledge approach. Global Environmental Change, 22(3): 670-683. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.04.002
  41. Sanz-Barbero B., Linares C., Vives-Cases C., Gonzáles J.L., López-Ossorio J.J., Díaz J. (2018). Heat Wave and the risk of Intimate Partner Violence. Science of the Total Environment, 644: 413-419. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.368
  42. Schinasi L.H., Hamra G.B. (2017). Time Series Analysis of Associations between Daily Temperature and Crime Events in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Journal Urban Health, 94(6): 892-900. DOI: 10.1007/s11524-017-0181-y
  43. Seneviratne S.I., Nicholls N., Easterling D. et al. (2012). Changes in Climate Extremes and Their Impacts on the Natural Physical Environment. In: Field C.B., Barros V., Stocker T.F. et al., a cura di, Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University Press.
  44. Sisitsky A. (2006). Heat Wave. In: Ciottone G., Anderson P., Auf Der Heide E., Darling R., Jacoby I., Noji E., Suner S., a cura di, Disaster Medicine. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-03253-7.50084-4
  45. Tan J. (2008). Commentary: People’s vulnerability to heat wave. International Journal of Epidemiology, 37(2): 318-320. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn023
  46. Wolf T., McGregor G. (2013). The development of a heat wave vulnerability index for London, United Kingdom. Weather and Climate Extremes, 1: 59-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.wace.2013.07.004
  47. Xiao J., Spicer T., Jian L., Yun G.Y., Shao C., Nairn J., Fawcett R.J.B., Robertson A., Weeramanthri T.S. (2017). Variation in population vulnerability to heat wave in Western Australia. Frontiers in Public Health, 5(64). DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00064
  48. Yin Q., Wang J. (2017). The association between consecutive days’ heat wave and cardiovascular disease mortality in Beijing, China. BMC Public Healt, 17(1): 223. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4129-7
  49. Yuming G., Gasparrini A., Armstrong B., Tawatsupa B., Tobias A. (2017). Heat Wave and Mortality: A Multicountry, Multicommunity Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(8): 1-11. DOI: 10.1289/EHP1026

Metriche

Caricamento metriche ...