This study aims to add to the debate, both in theoretical and practical terms, on the contribution of the Internal Audit function to the Internal Control System.
The empirical analysis presents the experience of the Emilia-Romagna Regional Healthcare Service and, namely, the adoption of Control Risk Self Assessment techniques, as well as the subsequent debate on the systematization of the
Internal Control System. The focus is on the technical tools used by auditors, as well as on the reflections that led to the Regional Guidelines on the Internal Control System of public healthcare organizations.