Saggi e ricerche
V. 10 N. 2 (2025): Qualità della formazione e processi d'inclusione: Tecnologie, Metodi e Policy in Prospettiva Internazionale
Gender equity policies and practices: The experience of eight organizations in northeastern Italy
University of Padova, Italy
University of Padova, Italy
Abstract
This study examines gender equity and diversity management practices within organizations in the province of Vicenza, addressing a critical gap in Italian DM research, which remains underdeveloped and predominantly focused on gender. Drawing on social constructionism, critical feminism, and Mintzberg’s organizational typologies, the research investigates how local cultures, structural configurations, and power dynamics shape the implementation of gender equity initiatives. Using a qualitative case study approach, the study analyzes semi-structured interviews with leaders and HR personnel across eight organizations, complemented by narrative inquiry and qualitative content analysis. Findings reveal a persistent disconnect between formal commitments to equity and the lived realities of organizational processes. Meritocratic discourse often masks entrenched inequality regimes, including gender pay gaps, vertical segregation, limited paternal leave uptake, and welfare policies that reinforce traditional caregiving roles. The study underscores the need for intersectional auditing, redistributive care policies, and participatory narrative practices to foster transformative, context-sensitive gender equity strategies.
Riferimenti bibliografici
- Acker, J. (2006). Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations. Gender & Society, 20(4): 441-464.
- AGN (2024, July 26). Balancing Gender Diversity - Diversity and Inclusion Strategy. AGN International. https://agn.org/insight/balancing-gender-diversity-a-key-aspect-of-a-firms-diversity-and-inclusion-strategy/.
- Ahmed, S. (2017). Living a Feminist Life. Duke University Press.
- Andrews, M., Squire, C. & Tamboukou, M. (Eds) (2013). Doing Narrative Research, 2nd ed., Sage.
- Bamberg, M. (2012). Narrative Analysis. In: H. Cooper (Ed.). APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology (3 Volumes). Washington DC: APA Press. Doi: 10.1037/13620-006.
- Bierema, L.L., Sim, E., He, W., & Cox, A.B. (2022). Double jeopardy: the paradox and promise of coaching women leaders from a critical feminist perspective. Gender in Management: An International Journal. Doi: 10.1108/gm-07-2022-0239.
- Bierema, L.L. (2017). No woman left behind: critical leadership development to build gender consciousness and transform organizations. In: Madsen, S.R. (Ed.). Handbook of Research on Gender and Leadership. Edward Elgar (pp. 145-162).
- Buemi, M., Guazzo, G., Conte, M. (2015). Il Diversity Management per una crescita inclusiva: strategie e strumenti. FrancoAngeli.
- Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
- Camera Di Commercio Vicenza (2024). Conoscere Vicenza 2023: guida statistica della provincia di Vicenza. https://www.vi.camcom.it/it/servizi/studi-statistica-e-ricerca-economica/conoscere-vicenza.html.
- Cavalieri, A., & De Giorgi, E. (2025). Women’s substantive representation under the Meloni government: Insights from a new dataset on parliamentary attention in Italy. Parliamentary Affairs, 78(3): 123-145. Doi: 10.1080/13608746.2025.2518083.
- Chase, S.E. (2018). Narrative Inquiry: towards theoretical and Methodological maturity. In: Lincoln, Y. S., & N. K., Denzin. The Sage handbook of qualitative research (5. edition). Sage.
- Chase, S. E. (2005). Narrative Inquiry: Multiple Lenses, Approaches, Voices. In: N. K., Denzin & Y. S., Lincoln (Eds.). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 651-679). Sage Publications Ltd.
- Clandinin, D.J. & Connelly, F.M. (2004). Narrative Inquiry: Experience and Story in Qualitative Research. Jossey-Bass.
- Colella, F., & Di Lorenzo, S. (2023). Diversità, inclusione e innovazione sociale nei sistemi organizzativi complessi: Una riflessione critica sulla Gender Diversity intersezionale in Italia. Mondi Migranti, 2: 21-37. Doi: 10.3280/MM2023-002002.
- Collins, P. H. (2008). Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Routledge.
- Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept: Rethinking the Concept. Gender & Society, 19(6): 829-859. Doi: 10.1177/0891243205278639.
- Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, (1): 139-167. https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/3007.
- Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6): 1241-1299. Doi: 10.2307/1229039.
- Damaschin, A. (2023). Social Construction of Organization. A New model in Organizational Development. Postmodern Openings, 14(2): 39-55. Doi: 10.18662/po/14.2/607.
- Davis, A. Y. (1981). Women, race, & class. Vintage Books.
- Di Fabio, A. (2016). Diversity Management Questionnaire: Primo contributo alla versione italiana [Diversity Management Questionnaire: First contribution to the Italian version]. Counseling: Giornale Italiano di Ricerca e Applicazioni, 9(2): 1-5.
- Esin, C. & Squire, C. (2020). Narrative Relations and Associations: Catherine Kohler Riessman’s Research Dialogism. Narrative Works, 10, 107-116. Doi: 10.7202/1076922ar.
- Ferrara, M. D. (2019). Lavoro femminile e diversity management tra mediazione sindacale e nuove opportunità del lavoro agile. In: Consigliera regionale di parità (Eds). Il Lavoro Femminile in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Rapporto 2019, 103-128.
- Filippi, S., Peters, K., & Suitner, C. (2024). Power to the people: A social identity perspective on organizational decentralization and employee well-being. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 34(1), e2725. Doi: 10.1002/casp.2725.
- Galdiero, C., Maltempo, C., Marrapodi, R., & Martinez, M. (2024). Gender Diversity: An Opportunity for Socially Inclusive Human Resource Management Policies for Organizational Sustainability. Social Sciences, 13(3), 173. Doi: 10.3390/socsci13030173.
- Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in Ethnomethodology. Polity Pr.
- Gay, V., Santacreu-Vasut, E., Shoham, A. (2013). The Grammatical Origins of Gender Roles. Berkeley Economic History Laboratory. hal-04046900.
- Gergen, K. J. (2015). An invitation to social construction (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd. Doi: 10.4135/9781473921276.
- Gherardi, S. & Poggio, B. (2007). Gendertelling in Organizations: Narratives from male-dominated environments. Liber AB.
- Goodson, I. F., & Gill, S. R. (2011). The Narrative Turn in Social Research. Counterpoints, 386: 17-33. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42981362.
- Greco, M. (2023, 23 Ottobre). Diversity management: cos’è e come introdurlo nella PA. FPA. https://www.forumpa.it/riforma-pa/diversity-management-cose-e-come-introdurlo-nella-pa/.
- Harel, I., & Papert, S. (eds) (1991). Constructionism. Ablex.
- Harris, C., Rousseau, G. G., & Venter, D. L. J. (2007). Employee perceptions of diversity management at a tertiary institution. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 10(1): 51-71. Doi: 10.4102/sajems.v10i1.536.
- hooks, B. (1984). Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. South End Press.
- hooks, B. (2000). Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics. South End Press.
- Hunegnaw Kebede, G. (2017). Gender diversity in management positions and organizational performance: A review of literature. Management Studies and Economic Systems, 3(4): 245-252.
- ILO (2022). Care at Work: Investing in Care Leave and Services for a More Gender Equal World of Work. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
- ISTAT & CNEL (2025). Il lavoro delle donne tra ostacoli e opportunità. https://www.istat.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/istat-cnel.pdf.
- ISTAT (2025). Labour market – Q4 2024. https://www.istat.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/EN_labour_market_Q4_2024.pdf.
- Jonsen, K., Maznevski, M. L., & Schneider, S. C. (2011). Special Review Article: Diversity and its not so diverse literature: An international perspective. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 11(1): 35-62. Doi: 10.1177/1470595811398798.
- Lewis, S., & Humbert, A. L. (2010). Discourse or Reality: “Work-Life Balance” Flexibility and Gendered Organisations. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 29: 239-254. Doi: 10.1108/02610151011028840.
- Miller, G., & Holstein, J. (1989), On the sociology of social problems. In Miller, G. e Holstein, J. (Eds), Perspectives on Social Problems, JAI Press, 1-16.
- Mintzberg, H. (1981). Organization design: fashion or fit?. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1981/01/organization-design-fashion-or-fit.
- Mohanty, C. (1988). Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses. Feminist Review, 30(1): 61-88. Doi: 10.1057/fr.1988.42.
- Murayama, K., & Elliot, A. J. (2012). The competition-performance relation: A meta-analytic review and test of the opposing processes model of competition and performance. Psychological Bulletin, 138(6), 1035-1070. Doi: 10.1037/a0028324.
- Nichols, L. T. (2003). Voices of social problems: A dialogical constructionist model. In Studies in Symbolic Interaction. Emerald Group Publishing Limited (93-123). Doi: 10.1016/S0163-2396(2003)26.
- OECD (2021). Gender Wage Gap (Indicator). [online] Available at: https://data.oecd.org/earnwage/gender-wage-gap.htm.
- Olsen, J.E. and Martins, L.L. (2012). Understanding organizational diversity management programs: a theoretical framework and directions for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8): 1168-1187. Doi: 10.1002/job.1792.
- Paggetti, E. (2025). Behind the numbers: The hidden inequalities of women’s work in Italy. Donne Quaderni, 4(1): 45-67.
- Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas. Basic Books. Trad. It. Mindstorms. Bambini computer e creatività. Emme, 1984.
- Papert, S. (1986). Constructionism: A new opportunity for elementary science education. NSF Grant Application.
- Poggio, B. (2018). Deconstructing and challenging gender orders in organizations through narratives. In: L.A.E., Booysen, R., Bendl, & J. K., Pringle. Handbook of Research Methods in Diversity Management, Equality and Inclusion at Work, 430-449. Doi: 10.4337/9781783476084.00029.
- Poggio, B., Murgia, A., & De Bon, M. (2010). Interventi organizzativi e politiche di genere. Carocci.
- Ravazzani, S. (2016). Understanding approaches to managing diversity in the workplace: An empirical investigation in Italy. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 35(2): 154-168. Doi: 10.1108/EDI-08-2014-0062.
- Ravazzani, S., Mazzei, A., Fisichella, C., & Butera, A. (2021). Diversity and inclusion management: an analysis of practice developments in Italy. Sinergie Italian Journal of Management, 39(3): 213-229. Doi: 10.7433/s116.2021.11.
- Razetti, F., Santoni, V. (2019). Il mercato del welfare aziendale: l’intermediazione e il ruolo dei provider. In: Maino, F., Ferrera, M. (a cura di). Nuove Alleanze per un welfare che cambia. Quarto Rapporto sul secondo welfare in Italia 2019 (pp. 119-152). Giappichelli.
- Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
- Riva, C., & Benfatto, V. (2024). Il diversity management in Veneto: La ricerca Unipd-Fòrema [Diversity management in Veneto: The University of Padova-Fòrema research]. University of Padova, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology.
- Romano, A., & Petruccioli, R. (2020). Gender diversity management, culture inclusive e sfide dell’attualità. Una review sistematica della letteratura. Education Sciences & Society - Open Access, 11(1). Doi: 10.3280/ess1-2020oa9477.
- Santoni, C., & Crespi, I. (2022). Conciliazione famiglia e lavoro tra smart-working e diversity management. Una riflessione su pratiche e nuove semantiche. Autonomie locali e servizi sociali, 1: 45-66. Doi: 10.1447/104028.
- Schreier, M. (2013). Qualitative Content Analysis. In: U. Flick, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis (pp. 170-183). SAGE Publications Limited.
- Simsek, B. (2012). Enhancing Women’s Participation in Turkey through Digital Storytelling. Culture Science, 5(2): 28-44. Doi: 10.5334/csci.45.
- Spector, M., & Kitsuse, J. I. (2017). Constructing social problems. Routledge.
- Trinchero, R. (2002). Manuale di ricerca educativa. FrancoAngeli.
- Vieira, L. (2022). Increasing gender diversity in organisations: What works?. Journal of Applied Leadership and Management, 10: 41-59.
- Wells, K. (2011). Narrative inquiry. Pocket Guides to Social Work Research Methods. Oxford University Press.
- Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. (6th ed.). Sage publications.