Abstract
La finalità della ricerca comparativa è di individuare gli aspetti peculiari dei percorsi formativi degli insegnanti delle scuole secondarie in due diversi Paesi: Svezia e Italia. Per la formazione iniziale, sono stati posti a confronto i due differenti percorsi necessari al conseguimento del titolo utile all’insegnamento e le relative riforme attuate. Per la formazione continua sono state, invece, comparate le attività di coaching (Talis, 2018), in quanto in grado di promuovere il senso di auto-efficacia e l’identità dell’insegnante, oltre ad agevolare l’integrazione della teoria e delle attività di pratica nei percorsi formativi. Due sono gli obiettivi specifici: investigare le competenze degli studenti nelle discipline STEM, al fine di comprendere l’abilità dei relativi insegnanti e rilevare le competenze di questi ultimi nell’utilizzo delle TIC; il secondo indagare le attività svolte dalle università svedesi e italiane nella formazione degli insegnanti, individuandone le rispettive aree critiche. Attraverso i dati PISA 2018 è stato possibile confrontare le abilità degli studenti nelle discipline STEM, in particolare nella matematica e nelle scienze. In questo caso, si è preferito utilizzare i dati riguardanti gli studenti, in quanto considerati più attendibili, al fine di comprendere la preparazione degli insegnanti. Per comparare le abilità dei docenti nell’utilizzo delle TIC in classe sono stati, invece, utilizzati i dati Talis 2018. Attraverso la revisione scientifica della letteratura internazionale è stato, infine, possibile individuare le attività svolte dalle università svedesi e italiane nella formazione degli insegnanti. I risultati dell’indagine hanno evidenziato marcate differenze nel ruolo che gli universitari svedesi e italiani svolgono nel formare gli insegnanti, oltre ad una divergenza nelle competenze degli insegnanti nella STEM education e nell’utilizzo delle TIC.
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