Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Regular Articles

Vol. 25 No. 2 (2023): Selected papers SIEA 2022

Trends and support models in public expenditure on agriculture: An italian perspective

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/ecag2023oa14939
Submitted
novembre 15, 2022
Published
2023-09-08

Abstract

This paper identifies, quantifies, and qualifies the streams and models of public expenditure in the agricultural sector for the 2010-2020 period, and attempts to respond to the main preliminary needs of interventions that benefit the agricultural sector.
The specific methodology of the CREA has been used to classify public expenditure on agriculture at the national and regional levels, thus allowing for a homogeneous classification of all direct and indirect support for the sector, which has been obtained from the accounting records of the disbursing agencies.
This is accompanied by the use of cluster analysis to identify the support models for the sector that have been adopted by the Italian regions.
Through the analysis of FAO data on the Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI), national trends in spending are identified and compared with the European and global contexts, which also allows tracking of the evolution of the national agricultural policy independently of support from the Community Agricultural Policy (CAP).

References

  1. Aa.Vv. (2021a). Italian Agriculture in figures. CREA. -- https://cnbbsv.palazzochigi.it/media/2429/itaconta-2021_ita_web.pdf.
  2. Aa.Vv. (2021b). Italian Agriculture Yearbook: Vol. Volume LXXIV. CREA. -- www.crea.gov.it/documents/68457/0/Annuario_CREA_2020_Volume_LX.
  3. Agénor, P.-R., & Neanidis, K.C. (2011). The Allocation of Public Expenditure and Economic Growth. The Manchester School, 79(4), 899-931. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02197.x.
  4. Ahuja, D., & Pandit, D. (2020). Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Developing Countries. FIIB Business Review, 9(3), 228-236. doi: 10.1177/2319714520938901.
  5. Alegre, J.G. (2010). Decentralization and the Composition of Public Expenditure in Spain. Regional Studies, 44(8), 1067-1083. doi: 10.1080/00343400903365151.
  6. Allen, S.L., & Qaim, M. (2012). Agricultural Productivity and Public Expenditures in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. -- https://tapipedia.org/sites/default/files/ifpridp01173.pdf.
  7. Anania, G. (Ed.) (1996). Spesa pubblica e politiche per l’agricoltura in Calabria. Ursini Editore.
  8. Antonelli, G., Bagarani, M., & Mellano, M. (1989). Modelli di spesa e politica agraria regionale: Un’analisi della spesa pubblica delle regioni a statuto ordinario. FrancoAngeli. -- www.francoangeli.it/Ricerca/Scheda_libro.aspx?isbn=9788820434311&titolo=Modelli+di+spesa+e+politica+agraria+regionale.+Un%27analisi+della+spesa+pubblica+delle+regioni+a+statuto+ordinario.
  9. Antonelli, G., & Mellano, M. (1980). La spesa per l’agricoltura delle regioni a statuto ordinario. Un bilancio di politica agraria. Rivista di economia agraria, 3(3), 597-628.
  10. Bartolini, F., & Viaggi, D. (2013). The common agricultural policy and the determinants of changes in EU farm size. Land Use Policy, 31, 126-135. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.10.007.
  11. Bašek, V., & Kraus, J. (2011). Comparison of selected indicators of farms in the EU member states. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská Ekonomika), 57(2), 71-84. doi: 10.17221/21/2010-AGRICECON.
  12. Bielik, P., Juríček, P., & Kunová, D. (2008). The comparison of agricultural support policies in the OECD and the EU countries from the perspective of economic globalization processes. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská Ekonomika), 53(8), 339-348. doi: 10.17221/902-AGRICECON.
  13. Briamonte, L., & D’Oronzio, M. A. (2004). Analisi e monitoraggio della spesa agricola: La Basilicata. INEA. -- www.researchgate.net/publication/345627022_ANALISI_E_MONITORAGGIO_DELLA_SPESA_AGRICOLA_LA_BASILICATA.
  14. Briamonte, L., Pergamo, R., & Cristofaro, A. (2012). Fiscalità in agricoltura: Struttura normativa e quadro statistico a livello nazionale e regionale. Edizioni scientifiche italiane.
  15. Briamonte, L., & Vaccari, S. (Eds.) (2021). Venti anni di sostegno pubblico al settore agricolo. CREA. -- www.crea.gov.it/web/politiche-e-bioeconomia/-/indaginespesa-pubblica-agricoltura.
  16. Buitenhuis, Y., Candel, J.J.L., Termeer, K.J.A.M., & Feindt, P.H. (2022). Reconstructing the framing of resilience in the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy post-2020 reform. Sociologia Ruralis, 62(3), 564-586. doi: 10.1111/soru.12380.
  17. Carè, V., & Varia, F. (2020, December). Speciale Covid “Resilienza e reazione del settore agricolo alla crisi Covid”. Rivista Della Rete Rurale Nazionale Italiana, 12. -- www.pianetapsr.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/2509.
  18. Cattell, R.B. (1943). The description of personality: Basic traits resolved into clusters. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 38, 476-506. doi: 10.1037/h0054116.
  19. Cesaro, L. (Ed.). (2006). Analisi e monitoraggio della spesa agricola; il Veneto. INEA.
  20. Cesaro, L., Giampaolo, A., Giarè, F., Monteleone, A., Pierangeli, F., Sardone, R., Scardera, A., Tarangioli, S., & Viganò, L. (2020). Covid-19 – Impatti economici nelle aziende agricole, CREA. CREA.
  21. Chiaka, J.C., Zhen, L., Yunfeng, H., Xiao, Y., Muhirwa, F., & Lang, T. (2022). Smallholder Farmers Contribution to Food Production in Nigeria. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. -- www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.916678.
  22. Ciliberti, S., & Frascarelli, A. (2018). The income effect of CAP subsidies: Implications of distributional leakages for transfer efficiency in Italy. Bio-Based and Applied Economics, 7(2), 2. doi: 10.13128/bae-7673.
  23. Coleman, W.D., & Grant, W.P. (1998). Policy convergence and policy feedback: Agricultural finance policies in a globalizing era. European Journal of Political Research, 34(2), 225-247. doi: 10.1023/A:1006949613716.
  24. Colombo, G. (1990). La politica agricola delle regioni a statuto ordinario (1970-1985). CEDAM.
  25. Dastagiri, M.B., & Vajrala, A.S. (2018). The Political Economy of Global Agriculture: Effects on Agriculture, Farmers, Consumers and Economic Growth. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 14(4), 4. doi: 10.19044/esj.2018.v14n4p193.
  26. David, P.A., Hall, B.H., & Toole, A.A. (2000a). Is public R & D a complement or substitute for private R & D? A review of the econometric evidence, 33.
  27. David, P.A., Hall, B.H., & Toole, A.A. (2000b). Is public R&D a complement or substitute for private R&D? A review of the econometric evidence. Research Policy, 29(4-5), 497-529. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00087-6.
  28. De Castro, P.D., Adinolfi, F., Capitanio, F., & Pasquale, J.D. (2012). The future of European agricultural policy. Some reflections in the light of the proposals put forward by the EU Commission, 2, 8.
  29. Devarajan, S., Swaroop, V., & Zou, H. (1996). The composition of public expenditure and economic growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 37(2), 313-344. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3932(96)90039-2.
  30. European Commission. Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development, ÖIR GmbH, CCRI., & ADE s.a. (2021). Evaluation support study on the impact of the CAP on territorial development of rural areas: Socioeconomic aspects: final report. Publications Office. -- https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2762/541389.
  31. FAO (2017). FAO and the SDGS. Indicators: Measuring up to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. FAO. -- www.fao.org/3/i6919e/i6919e.pdf.
  32. FAO (2022). Government expenditures in agriculture 2001-2020 Global and regional trends. FAO.
  33. Finuola, R. (2006, March). L’evoluzione della spesa e delle agevolazioni per l’agricoltura in Italia. Agriregionieuropa, 2(4). -- https://agriregionieuropa.univpm.it/en/content/article/31/4/levoluzione-della-spesa-e-delle-agevolazioni-lagricolturaitalia.
  34. Finuola, R. (2010, December). Una analisi storica (2000-2009) del sostegno pubblico al settore agricolo. Agriregionieuropa, 6(23). -- https://agriregionieuropa.univpm.it/it/content/article/31/23/una-analisi-storica-2000-2009-del-sostegno-pubblico-alsettore-agricolo.
  35. Fiore, M., La Sala, P., Contò, F., & Papapietro, P. (2012). Fiscalità e agricoltura: Nuovi strumenti per la competitività dei sistemi agroalimentari: Un modello di intervento in Basilicata. Economia Agro-Alimentare, XIV(1). doi: 10.3280/ECAG2012-001013.
  36. Galluzzo, N. (2022). Estimation of the impact of CAP subsidies as environmental variables on Romanian farms. Economia agro-alimentare, 3, 1-24. doi: 10.3280/ecag2021oa12772.
  37. Govereh, J., Chilonda, P., Malawo, E., Jayne, T.S., & Rugube, L. (2011). Methodological guidelines for tracking public agricultural expenditure with illustrations from Zambia. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 3(5), 210-221.
  38. Hartigan, J.A., & Wong, M.A. (1979). Algorithm AS 136: A K-Means Clustering Algorithm. Applied Statistics, 28(1), 100. doi: 10.2307/2346830.
  39. Horská, E. (2011). European studies on intercultural dimension of international business: Marketing and managerial consequences. SPU Nitra, Nitra.
  40. Horská, E., & Hambálková, M. (2008). Internationalization of agrarian companies. Slovak University of Agriculture.
  41. Ievoli, C., & Rubertucci, M. (Eds.) (2014). La spesa agricola regionale nel contesto istituzionale e produttivo del Molise. INEA.
  42. International Monetary Fund (Ed.) (2014). Government finance statistics manual 2014. International Monetary Fund. -- www.imf.org/external/Pubs/FT/GFS/Manual/2014/gfsfinal.pdf.
  43. Jaffe, A.B. (2002). Building Programme Evaluation into the Design of Public Research-Support Programmes. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 18(1), 22-34. doi: 10.1093/oxrep/18.1.22.
  44. Kaya, A. (2021). The effect of agricultural investments by governments on economic growth and financial markets: An application on developed and developing countries. BH EKONOMSKI FORUM, 14(1), 1.
  45. Lillemets, J., Fertő, I., & Viira, A.-H. (2022). The socioeconomic impacts of the CAP: Systematic literature review. Land Use Policy, 114, 105968. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105968.
  46. Lloyd, S. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129-137. doi: 10.1109/TIT.1982.1056489.
  47. Macqueen, J.B. (1967). Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. University of California Pres, 1, 281-297.
  48. Maïga, A., Bamba, A., Sy, B., Keita, G.H., Mouleye, I.S., & Diallo, M. (2021). Analysis of the Effects of Public Expenditure on Agricultural Growth in Mali. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 42-50. doi: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i730607.
  49. Marino, D. (Ed.). (2005). Nuovi percorsi per l’analisi della spesa pubblica per l’agricoltura. Uno studio per la Regione Molise. Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane.
  50. Martini, A., & Sisti, M. (2009). Valutare il successo delle politiche pubbliche. il Mulino.
  51. Mogues, T., & Anson, R. (2018). How comparable are cross-country data on agricultural public expenditures?. Global Food Security, 16, 46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.gfs.2017.09.001.
  52. Olawumi, O.R., & OYEWOLE, A. O. (2018). Public Expenditure on Agriculture and output growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 7(4), 60-68.
  53. Olomola, A., Mogues, T., Olofinbiyi, T., Nwoko, C., Udoh, E., Alabi, R.A., & Onu, J. and W., Sileshi. (2014). Analysis of agricultural public expenditures in Nigeria: Examination at the federal, state, and local government levels. International Food Policy Research Institute. -- http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128804.
  54. Orlando, G. (1984). La politica agraria italiana attraverso l’analisi della spesa pubblica. FrancoAngeli.
  55. Ormaechea, M.S.A., & Morozumi, A. (2013). Can a government enhance long-run growth by changing the composition of public expenditure?. International Monetary Fund. -- https://scholar.google.pt/citations?user=5w19_OwAAAAJ&hl=pt-PT.
  56. Pergamo, R. (Ed.) (2008). Analisi del sostegno all’agricoltura campana – Approfondimenti di aspetti organizzativi e gestionali. INEA.
  57. Pernechele, V., Fontes, F., Baborska, R., Nkuingoua, J., Pan, X., & Tuyishime, C. (2021). Public expenditure on food and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. FAO. doi: 10.4060/cb4492en.
  58. Pietriková, M., & Radomíra Hornyák, R.H. (2022). Comparison of Public Expenditure for Agriculture in Selected EU Countries. International Scientific Days 2022: Efficient, Sustainable and Resilient Agriculture and Food Systems – The Interface of Science, Politics and Practice: Conference Proceedings, 1, 111-117. doi: 10.15414/isd2022.s1.12.
  59. Pilvere, I., Nipers, A., & Pilvere, A. (2022). Evaluation of the European Green Deal Policy in the Context of Agricultural Support Payments in Latvia. Agriculture, 12(12), 12. doi: 10.3390/agriculture12122028.
  60. Pokrivcak, J., Swinnen, J., & de Gorter, H. (2003). Agricultural policy and European integration. Slovak Academic Press Ltd, 51(1), 33-49.
  61. Sanz, I., & Velázquez, F.J. (2001). The composition of public expenditure and growth: Different models of government expenditure distribution by functions. -- https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/1029.
  62. Shucksmith, M., Thomson, K., & Roberts, D.J. (2005). The CAP and the Regions: The Territorial Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy. Unknown Publisher. -- https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-cap-and-the-regions-theterritorial-impact-of-the-common-agri.
  63. Singh, O.K., Priscilla, L., & Vatta, K. (2021). The impact of public expenditure on agricultural growth: Empirical evidence from Punjab, India. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 34(Conference). -- https://econpapers.repec.org/article/agsaerrae/320467.htm.
  64. Sotte, F. (2000). La spesa agricola delle regioni: Quadro evolutivo e analisi quantitativa. Istituto nazionale di economia agraria. -- www.researchgate.net/publication/345749260_LA_SPESA_AGRICOLA_DELLE_REGIONI_Quadro_evolutivo_e_analisi_quantitativa_a_cura_di_Franco_Sotte.
  65. Steinley, D., & Brusco, M.J. (2007). Initializing K-means Batch Clustering: A Critical Evaluation of Several Techniques. Journal of Classification, 24(1), 99-121.
  66. Střeleček, F., Zdeněk, R., & Lososová, J. (2009). Comparison of agricultural subsidies in the Czech Republic and in the selected states of the European Union. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská Ekonomika), 55(11), 519-533.
  67. Svatoš, M. (2008). Selected trends forming European agriculture. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská Ekonomika), 54(3), 93-101. doi: 10.17221/238-AGRICECON.
  68. Svatoš, M., & et al. (2009). Foreign trade-theory and practice. Grada.
  69. Vieri, S., Prestamburgo, M., Marotta, M. & Istituto nazionale di economia agraria (Eds.) (2006). L’agricoltura italiana: Sfide e prospettive di un settore vitale per l’economia della nazione. INEA.
  70. Weber, R., & Singh, R. (1997). The Composition of Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: Can Anything Be Learned from Swiss Data? (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 1479816). -- https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1479816.
  71. Wielechowski, M. (2019). Government expenditure on agriculture – a european, regional and world perspective. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists, XXI(4), 561-570. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5732.
  72. Wielechowski, M., & Grzęda, Ł. (2019). Government expenditure and agriculture: Changes in agri-orientation of the European Union countries. Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 126, 69-80. doi: 10.22630/EIOGZ.2019.126.11.
  73. World Bank Group (2015). Moldova Public Expenditure Review: Agriculture. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28331.
  74. Yu, B., Fan, S., & Magalhães, E. (2015). Trends and Composition of Public Expenditures: A Global and Regional Perspective. The European Journal of Development Research, 27(3), 353-370.
  75. Zeszyty, N. (n.d.). Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnosciowej – Instytut Ekonomii i Finansów. Retrieved 15 February 2023, from -- www.ieif.sggw.pl/czasopisma-3/ekonomika-i-organizacja-gospodarki-zywnosciowej.
  76. Zubin, J. (1938). A technique for measuring like-mindedness. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 33(4), 508-516. doi: 10.1037/h0055441.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...