Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Longform

No. 30 (2025): U3 iQuaderni. Journal of urban studies

Debtscapes

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/u3q30-2025oa19078
Submitted
dicembre 24, 2024
Published
2026-07-20

Abstract

The hypothesis argued here is that debt is not only an economic or temporal affair, but an actual ‘practice of dwelling’ that manifests itself according to precise forms of spatial production. Space that is produced within conditions of obligation, of intertwined forms of predation and extractivist production, of failure, of strategies of resistance, of ruin and rupture. Debt is, in the common sense, an action of borrowing in the present and repaying in the future (Mauss 1954; Bourdieu 1977; Derrida 1992). But debt is not simply an economic device, it is also, and above all, a technique of governing and controlling individual and collective subjectivities, i.e. it is a political construction. An interweaving of ideas, imaginaries, needs and fears. However, it is essential to understand debt as a spatial as well as temporal and social relation if we are to understand the experience of indebtedness and the social and spatial repercussions of this process. Above all, debt is a biopolitical fact. It is pedagogical and punitive, it brings politics and policy together. Debt is one of those few places where microeconomics and macroeconomics intertwine in a complex way, because just as, for example, state debt tends to increase, so do personal debts. Can debt become a processing principle for spatial analysis? Can the debt machine become a project device in the same way that, for example, contemporary ecological, health and climate crises have redefined themes and forms of project action?

References

  1. Acosta A. (2016), «Las dependencias del extractivismo: aporte para un debate incomplete» in: Aktuel Marx 20, 1–2
  2. Appadurai A. (1996), Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
  3. Arrighi G., Silver B. (2001), Caos e governo del mondo. Come cambiano le egemonie e gli equilibri planetari, Mimesis, Milano
  4. Avallone G. (2018), Debito privato, debito pubblico e diritto all’abitare. Il debito come rapporto di comando. Disponibile in: https://effimera.org/debito-privato-debito-pubblico-diritto-allabitare-debito-rapporto-comando-gennaro-avallone/. Accesso 15 novembre 2023.
  5. Bhattacharya T., ed. (2017), Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression, Pluto, London
  6. Bastiaensen J., et al (2013), «After the Nicaraguan non-payment crisis: alternatives to microfinance narcissism», in: Development and Change, vol. 44, No. 4, Wiley.
  7. Berlant L. (2011), Cruel Optimism, Duke University Press, Durham
  8. Bersani M. (2017), Dacci oggi il nostro debito quotidiano. Strategie dell’impoverimento di massa, DeriveApprodi, Roma.
  9. Bersani P. (1977), Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  10. Butler J. (2011), Bodies in Alliance and the Politics of the Street, disponibile in: https://transversal.at/transversal/1011/butler/en. Consultato 12 aprile 2022
  11. D’Alessio G., Iezzi S. (2016), «Over-indebtedness in Italy: how widespread and persistent is it?», in Questioni di Economia e Finanza, n. 319/2016, Banca d’Italia, Roma, marzo 2016. Disponibile in: https://www.questionegiustizia.it/rivista/articolo/il-sovraindebitamento-alcune-riflessioni-su-cause-effetti-e-possibili-rimedi_673.php. Accesso il 3 aprile 2022.
  12. Datta K., Aznar C. (2019), «The space-times of migration and debt: Re-positioning migrants’ debt and credit practices and institutions in, and through, London», in: Geoforum 98: 300-308
  13. Davis M. (2006), Planet of Slums. New York, Verso
  14. Deere C.D., Catanzarite Z. (2016), «Measuring the intra-household distribution of wealth in Ecuador: qualitative insights and quantitative outcomes», in: Lee F., B. Conin B., (eds.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Heterodox Economics, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
  15. De la Torre, A., Ize A., and S. Schmukler S. (2011) Financial Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Road Ahead, Washington, D.C.:World Bank.
  16. Deere C.D., Catanzarite Z.B. (2017), «Who borrows to accumulate assets? Class, gender and indebtedness in Ecuador’s credit market», in: CEPAL 122: 108-126
  17. Deere, C.D., J. Contreras J. (2011), Acumulación de activos: una apuesta por la equidad, Quito, FLACSO-Ecuador. Disponibile in: http://genderassetgap.org. Accesso 11 giugno 2023
  18. Deleuze G (1990), Post-scriptum sur les sociétés de contrôle, in L’autre Journal, n.1, 1990 ora in Pourparlers (1972-1990), Minuit, Paris: 240-247.
  19. Derrida J. (1992), Given Time: I. Counterfeit Money,University of Chicago Press, Chicago
  20. Devlin R., Ffrench-Davis R. (1995), «The Great Latin American Debt Crisis: A Decade of Asymmetric Adjustment», in: Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 15/3: 117-142
  21. di Campli A., Gabbianelli A. (2022), Delinking. Lo spazio della coesistenza, Letteraventidue, Siracusa
  22. Federici S. (2011), Calibán y la bruja. Mujeres, cuerpo y acumulación originaria, Tinta Limón, Buenos Aires
  23. Fama M. (2017), Il governo della povertà ai tempi della (micro)finanza, Ombre Corte, Verona
  24. Federici S., Austin A. (2017), Wages for Housework. The New York Comittee 1972-1977: History, theory, documents, Autonomedia, New York
  25. Federici S. (2019), «Social reproduction theory: History, issues and present challenges», in: Radical Philosophy 204: 55–57
  26. Federici S. (2020), Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle, PM Press, Oakland
  27. Federici S., Cavallero L., Gago. (2021), ¿Quién le debe a quién?: ensayos transnacionales de desobediencia financiera, Tinta Limón, Buenos Aires
  28. Ferraro V., Rosser M. (1994), Global Debt and Third World Development, in Klare M, (ed), World Security: Challenges for a New Century, St. Martin’s Press, New York, pp. 332–355
  29. Fields D., Uffer S. (2013), «The financialisation of Rental Housing» in: Urban Studies 53(7):1486-1502
  30. Figueroa A. (2011), «Income inequality and credit markets», in: CEPAL Review, No. 105:37-51, Santiago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
  31. Foucault M. (2008), The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1978–79, Palgrave Macmillan, New York
  32. Fraser N. (2014), «Behind Marx’s Hidden Abode» in: New Left Review 86: 55–72.
  33. Gago V. (2017), Neoliberalism from below: Popular Pragmatics and Baroque Economies, Duke University Press, Durham
  34. Gago V., Cavallero L. (2019), Una lectura feminista de la deuda, Fundación Rosa Luxemburg, Buenos Aires
  35. Gago V. (2020), Feminist International: How to Change Everything,Verso, London
  36. Gago V., Cavallero L. (2022), La casa como laboratorio: finanzas, vivienda y trabajo esencial,Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, Buenos Aires
  37. Gago V. (2022), La potenza femminista. O il desiderio di cambiare tutto, Capovolte, Alessandria:120.
  38. Gökarıksel B. (2016), «Intimate Politics of Protest: Gendering Embodiments and Redefining Spaces in Istanbul’s Taksim Gezi Park and the Arab Revolutions», in: Graeber D. (2011), Debt: The First 5,000 Years, Melville House, New York
  39. Gudynas E. (2009), Diez tesis urgentes sobre el nuevo extractivismo. Disponibile in: http://www.rosalux.org.ec/pdfs/extractivismo.pdf#page=187. Accesso 10 Novembre 2022.
  40. Harker C. (2017), «Debt space: topologies, ecologies and Ramallah, Palestine», in: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 35(4): 600–619.
  41. Harney S., Moten F. (2013), The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study, New York: Minor Compositions
  42. Harvey D. (1982), The limits to capital, Basil Blackwell, Oxford
  43. Harvey D. (2007), Breve storia del neoliberismo, Il Saggiatore, Milano
  44. Harvey D. (2011), L’enigma del capitale e il prezzo della sua sopravvivenza, Feltrinelli, Milano
  45. Harvey D. (2017), I movimenti non bastano per combattere il neoliberalismo. Intervista a D. Harvey. Disponibile in: in http://contropiano.org/news/politica-news/2017/07/20/movimenti-non-bastano-combattere-neoliberalismo-intervista-d-harvey-094123. Accesso ili 12 settembre 2023.
  46. IMF (2017), Debt: Glossary of Selected Financial Terms. Disponibile in: http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/glossary showTerm.asp#93. Accesso 12 maggio 2022
  47. Jabary-Salamanca O. (2022), The Stuff of Life: Frontier Infrastructures of Reproduction. Spotlight On Racial Capitalism. Disponibile in: https://www.ijurr.org/spotlight-on/racial-capitalism/the-stuff-of-life-frontier-infrastructures-of-reproduction/. Accesso il 21 luglio 2023.
  48. Kluender R., Mahoney N., Wong F., Yin W. (2021), «Medical Debt in the US, 2009-2020g» in: JAMA. 20;326(3):250-256. Disponibile in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8293024/. Accesso 14 ottobre 2022.
  49. Latour B. (2020), Production or Engendering?, foreword to Salmon: A Red Herring. Disponibile in: https://www.e-flux.com/architecture/accumulation/345107/production-or-engendering/. Accesso 12 maggio 2022.
  50. Lazzarato M. (2012), The Making of the Indebted Man, MIT Press, Cambridge MA
  51. Lazzarato M. (2015), Governing by Debt, Semiotext(e), Los Angeles
  52. Lazzarato M., y Alliez E. (2021), Guerras y capital, Tinta Limón, Buenos Aires
  53. Luhmann N. (1976), The Future Cannot Begin: Temporal Structures in Modern Society, in: Social Research 43 (1): 130–52.
  54. Mauss M. (1954), «The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange», in: Archaic Societies, Martino Fine Books, Eastford
  55. McNamara,Robert S..Address to the Board of Governors by Robert S. McNamara. Presidential Speech Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. Disponibile in: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/930801468315304694/Address-to-the-Board-of-Governors-by-Robert-S-McNamara. Accesso il 2 dicembre 2023.
  56. Meehan K., Strauss K., eds (2015), Precarious Worlds Contested Geographies of Social Reproduction, University of Georgia Press, Athens
  57. Mezzadra S., Neilson B. (2019), The Politics of Operations: Excavating Contemporary Capitalism, Duke University Press, Durham
  58. Mies M. (1986), Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale, Zed Books, London
  59. Mies M., Bennhold-Thomsen V. (1999), The Subsistence Perspective: Beyond The Globalized Economy, Zed Books, London
  60. Mezzadri A, (2019), «On the Value of Social Reproduction: Informal Labour, the Majority World and the Need for Inclusive Theories and Politics», in: Radical Philosophy (204): 33–41.
  61. Milani C. (2016), «Il sovraindebitamento delle famiglie italiane», in Welfare oggi, n. 4: 54-57.
  62. Mitchell K., Marston S. A., Katz C. (2004), Life's work: An introduction, review and critique In: Mitchell K., Marston S. A., Katz C., eds, Life's Work: Geographies of Social Reproduction. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing:1-26
  63. Moore J.W. (2015), Ecologia-mondo e crisi del capitalismo, Ombre corte, Verona
  64. Moore, C. (2010), Per amore o per forza: femminilizzazione del lavoro e biopolitiche del corpo. Ombre corte, Verona
  65. Murard L., Zylberman P. (1976), Le Petit travailleur infatigable. Villes-usines, habitat et intimités au XIXe siecle Fontaney-sous-Bois: Recherches
  66. Navarro M. et. al (2016), Despojo capitalista y luchas comunitarias en defensa de la vida México: claves desde la Ecología Política, ICSyH- BUAP, Ciudad México
  67. Peck, R., Miller J. (2006), «Future challenges in Latin American microfinance», in Berger M., Goldmark L., Miller-Sanabria T., (eds.), An Insider View of Latin American Microfinance, Washington, D.C. Inter- American Development Bank.
  68. Peebles G. (2010), «The Anthropology of Credit and Deb»t, In: Annual Review of Anthropology 39: 225–40.
  69. Perulli P. (2020), Il debito sovrano. La fase estrema del capitalismo, La nave di Teseo, Milano
  70. Povinelli E. (2011), Economies of Abandonment, Duke University Press, Durham
  71. Rama A. (1984), La ciudad letrada,. Ediciones del Norte, Hanover, NH
  72. Roy A. (2010), Poverty Capital: Microfinance and the Making of Development, Routledge, New York
  73. Rutland T. (2010), «The Financialization of Urban Redevelopment» in: Geography Compass 4(8):1167 - 1178
  74. Sell R., Kunitz S. (1986), «The Debt Crisis and the End of an Era in Mortality Decline», in: Studies in Comparative International Development 21(4):3–30.
  75. Simone A. (2019), «Contests over Value: From the Informal to the Popular»,, in: Urban Studies 56 (3): 616–619.
  76. Schicks J. (2013), «The definition and causes of microfinance over-indebtedness: a customer protection point of view», in: Oxford Development Studies, vol. 41: 95-116.
  77. Springer S. (2016), The Discourse of Neoliberalism: An Anatomy of a Powerful Idea. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
  78. Stimilli E, (2015), Debito e colpa, Ediesse, Roma
  79. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) (2003), The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. London:
  80. Earthscan. Earthscan. Disponibile in: www.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publication
  81. ID=1156. Accesso 25 giugno 2022
  82. Walter T., Wansleben L. (2019), The assault of finance’s ‘present futures’ on the rest of time, Disponibile in: https://www.researchgate.net/publication337117890_The_assault_of_finance's_'present_futures'_on_the_rest_of_time. Accesso il 23 aprile 2023
  83. World Bank (2021), «Robert S. McNamara at the World Bank»: In Retrospect. Development Reflections Series. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  84. Zapata G. (2013), «The migration–development nexus: Rendering migrants as transnational financial subjects through housing», in: Geoforum 47: 93-102