The application of Mindfulness to the traditional approach of relapse prevention enriches significantly the possibilities of "aftercare" interventions in relation to addictions. The use of Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention Protocol (MBRP) codified by Alan Marlatt and collaborators at the San Gimignano Prison has fully confirmed this assertion. Despite the difficulties inherent the prison context, which have also required an adaptation of the protocol, it presents favorable aspects for this kind of intervention and is also an important contribution for the development of emotional and behavioral self-regulation skills for people living in this kind of environment.