Il disturbo da uso di alcol ha eziologia, patogenesi e manifestazione clinica sicuramente complesse in cui meccanismi genetici, storie traumatiche, contesto sociale e familiare determinano l’evoluzione della malattia e la possibilità di remissione della stessa. D’altra parte, altre patologie, ben più diffuse nella società occidentale, diabete o ipertensione a mero titolo di esempio, condividono la stessa complessità eziologica, di patogenesi e di manifestazioni cliniche. L’intervento su queste patologie è sicuramente farmacologico ma non solo: si accompagna ad un intervento motivazionale, ad un counselling continuo per monitorare l’aderenza alle terapie, spesso si sovrappone un intervento psicoeducativo con indicazioni nutrizionali oltre che comportamentali (attività fisica).
Sicuramente un diabetico o un iperteso avranno una prescrizione farmacologica nella quasi totalità dei casi; in alcologia solo il 30% dei pazienti ha una terapia farmacologica prescritta e spesso si tratta di farmaci che non hanno un’indicazione specifica (ansiolitici, antidepressivi etc.)
Insomma, gli “alcolisti” sono trattati, sostanzialmente, con un intervento psico-socio-educativo.
Riferimenti bibliografici
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