This article examines the film section of the Italian Colonial Museum (Rome). In dialogue with recent scholarship exploring Fascist colonial propaganda, it draws on original archival research to investigate the stories and practices underpinning the use of colonial and ethnographic movies as means to promote an imperial agenda in Italy. The implementation of film shows within the Museum, as well as the relationship established with the Istituto Luce lead to an interpretation of the film section as a pivotal component of Fascism’s imperial propaganda. Not only does this article investigate the Museum’s film activity during the Fascist regime, but it also sheds light on the vicissitudes of the film section during after the end of Italian colonialism, arguing that the de-fascistization of the film collection and shows did not imply the critical appraisal of Italy’s colonial past.