Violence against women is taking the form of a real femmigenocide that is being perpetrated globally (Segato, 2023), a “war against women” that can no longer be interpreted as individual episodes of the private sphere but as the result of a systemic patriarchy and a “mandate of masculinity” (Segato, 2015) that has its roots in the Enlightenment and Colonial culture. Deprivation of violence against women leads to questioning the relationship between gender, race and class in intersectional discrimination (Crenshaw, 1989), with a focus on the need to bring attention to the attempt to “outsource” of violence against women by the mainstream and the link that exists between colonialism and verticalization of relationships in relation to internalized sexism (Hooks, 2021) that, transcending the man-women, demonstrates the formative significance of the patriarchal model and the need to problematize the dichotomies and the ideology of gender. To bring out the complex oppressive structures that descend from the patriarchal model, we must follow a pathway that, with a reflective mode (Nuzzaci, 2011), takes us from the margin to the center (hooks, 2023), from the attempt to understand the motivations of violence to the constructs sedimented to trigger a process of awareness (Freire, 2004) in the new generations. Promoting a feminist pedagogy, the proposal is to base pedagogical actions that bring citizenship back to the center as a practice of belonging to the context of life and as a practice of expanding the possibilities and conditions because oppressed people within the patriarchal colonial structure (men and women) can re-appropriate the center, acquiring agencies to act to transform the structures of thought and sexist power. For this reason, it is necessary to give substance to the word, a word capable of describing the state of marginalization and oppression and that can reflexively bring out the relationships of power to give life to alternative visions of justice and good life (Benhabib, 2019).
References
Arnot, M. (2006). Gender Voices in the Classroom. In Skelton, C., Francis, B. & Smulyan, L. (Eds.). The Sage Handbook of Gender and Education,(pp.). London: Sage.
Bauman, Z. (2011). Modernità liquida. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
Benhabib, S. (1992). Situating the Self. Gender, Community and postmodernism in Contemporary Ethics. New York: Routledge-Chapman and Hall.
Benhabib, S. (2006). I diritti degli altri. Stranieri, residenti, cittadini. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
Benhabib, S. (2019). Prefazione. In Cotrone, N. (2019). Seyla Benhabib. Nuovi paradigmi democratici. Sesto San Giovanni: Mimesi edizioni, pp. 1-12.
Boeris, C. & Taglianetti, A. (2023). Violenza di genere e sfruttamento sessuale minorile in Costa Rica. In Milani, L. & Gozzelino, G., Donne, bambini e diritti. I mille volti della violenza di genere. Bari: Progedit, pp. 147-160.
Bhabha, H. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
Cano, J.E. (2018). Pedagogía feminista para la transformación. El caso de la diplomatura en género en la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Con X, (4), e025, pp. 1-25.
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1, 8, pp. 138-167.
Davutoglu, A. (2014). Forward: Civilizational revival in the global age. In Dallmayr, F., Akif Kayapinar, M., & Yaylaci, I. (Eds.). Civilizations and world order: Geopolitics and cultural difference. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
De Lauretis, T. (1996). La tecnología del género. Mora, (2), pp. 6-34.
Dussel, E. (1993). Eurocentrism and modernity (Introduction to the Frankfurt lectures). Boundary 2, 23(3), pp. 65-76.
Fergus, L. & van ’t Rood, R. (2013). Unlocking the potential for change: educa-tion and prevention of gender based violence. Hifab International AB, Stockholm, Sweden for the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA).
Freire, P. (1968). Pedagogia do Oprimido. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra. Ed. It. Pedagogia degli oppressi. Torino: EGA.
Gilligan, C. (1987). Con voce di donna: etica e formazione della personalità. Milano: Feltrinelli.
Grion, V. & Cook-Sather, A. (2013). Student voice. Prospettive internazionali e pratiche emergenti in Italia. Milano: Guerini editore.
Gutiérrez, K.D. (2008). Developing a Sociocritical literacy in the third space. Reading Research Quarterly, 43(2), pp. 148-164.
hooks, b. (2021). Il femminismo è per tutti. Una politica appassionata. Napoli: Tamu edizioni.
Lugones, M. (2008). Colonialidad y género. Tabula Rasa, 9, pp. 73-101.
Lugones, M. (2011). Hacia un feminismo descolonial. Universidad del Valle, Centro de Estudios de Género, Mujer y Sociedad.
Macedo, E. (2022). Pedagogia freiriana e pedagogia femminista: interpellanza sulle tradizioni emancipatrici della voce. In: QUE VIVA FREIRE! Epistemologia umanizzante, traiettorie partecipative, prospettive di speranza. Speciale Metis (79-92). Bari: Progedit.
Matera, F. & Boeris, C. (2024). Gender injustice and human trafficking: decolonising thinking against the “pedagogy of cruelty”. REEA: Revista Electrónica Entrevista Académica. No. Especial, IV. abril, pp. 118-132. Centro Latinoamericano de Estudios en Epistemología Pedagógica.
Mathews, F. (2005). Reinhabiting reality: Towards a recovery of culture. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Merli, A. (2015). Violenza di genere e femminicidio. Diritto penale contemporáneo, (1), pp. 430-468.
Mignolo, W.D. (2007). The splendors and miseries of “science”: Coloniality, geopolitics of knowledge and epistemic pluriversality. In S. Boaventura de Sousa (ed.), Cognitive justice in a global world: Prudent knowledge for a decent life. Durham, MD: Lexington Books.
Mignolo, W.D. (2011). The darker side of western modernity: Global futures, decolonial options. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Milani, L. & Boeris, C. (2018). Una concezione della giustizia pedagogica. Civitas Educationis, VII(1), pp. 345-364.
Noddings, N. (2013). Caring: A Relational Approach to Ethics and Moral Education. University of California Press.
Nuzzaci, A. (2011). Pratiche riflessive, riflessività e insegnamento. Studium Educationis, XII(3), pp. 9-27.
Pane, D.M. (2009). Third space: Blended teaching and learning. Journal of the Research Center for Educational Technology, 5(1), pp. 64-92.
Paredes, J. (2017). El feminismocomunitario: la creación de un pensamiento propio. Corpus. Archivos virtuales de la alteridad americana, 7(1), pp. 1-9.
Paternò, M.P. (2006). Dall’eguaglianza alla differenza, diritti dell’uomo e cittadinanza femminile nel pensiero politico moderno. Milano: Giuffrè.
Quijano, A. (2000). Coloniality of power, Eurocentrism, and Latin America. Neplanta, Views from the South, 1(3), pp. 533-580.
Quijano, A. (2007). Coloniality And Modernity/Rationality. Cultural Studies, 21(2-3), pp. 168-178.
Segato, R.L. (2003). Las estructuras elementales de la violencia: ensayos sobre género entre la antropologìa, el psicoanàlisis y los derechos humanos. Buenos Aires: Universitad Nacional de Quilmes.
Segato, R.L. (2013). La crítica de la Colonialidad en ocho ensayos y una antropología por demanda. Buenos Aires: Prometeo.