Salta al menu principale di navigazione Salta al contenuto principale Salta al piè di pagina del sito

Sez. generale - Studi e ricerche

N. 47 (2020)

La nuova sfida della video psicoterapia su Internet

Inviata
5 February 2021
Pubblicato
05-02-2021

Abstract

L’articolo valuta l’impatto del setting a distanza sulla relazione terapeutica. Gli autori valutano se l’alleanza terapeutica possa variare in funzione dei diversi contesti (on-line e in presenza) e se sia un fattore predittivo del buon esito della terapia anche negli interventi psicologici on-line. Successivamente, viene considerata la dimensione non verbale e corporea nella terapia vis à vis da remoto, definita in questo lavoro come Video Psicoterapia su Internet (VPI), approfondendo il tema della sintonizzazione e co-regolazione della diade, posta ora di fronte a uno schermo. L’articolo inoltre apre alcune riflessioni rispetto all’attenzione e alle rappresentazioni mentali del terapeuta e del paziente nel nuovo setting. L’analisi degli studi condotta dagli autori evidenzia come l’alleanza terapeutica non vari fra il setting on-line e quello in presenza e che nella terapia on-line l’alleanza terapeutica non sia un predittore del buon esito della cura. Gli autori auspicano inoltre un progredire della ricerca empirica per la valutazione dei trattamenti bottom-up nella VPI, tenuto conto dei limiti della dimensione non verbale e corporea in questo setting.

Riferimenti bibliografici

  1. Algeri D., Gabri S., Mazzucchelli L. (2018). Consulenza psicologica on-line: esperienze pratiche, linee guida e ambiti di intervento. Firenze: Giunti Psychometrics.
  2. American Psychological Association (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.html.
  3. Anderson R., Spence S., Donovan C., March S., Prosser S., Kenardy J. (2012). Working Alliance in On-line Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Youth: Comparison With Clinic Delivery and its Role in Predicting Outcome. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(3). DOI: 10.2196/jmir.1848.
  4. Andersson G., Paxling B., Roch-Norlund P., Ostman G., Norgren A., Almlov J., Silverberg F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 81(6): 344-355. DOI: 10.1159/000339371.
  5. Andersson G., Paxling B., Wiwe M., Vernmark K., Felix C.B., Lundborg L., Carlbring P. (2012). Therapeutic alliance in guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50: 544-550. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.003.
  6. Apolinário-Hagen J.A., Tasseit S. (2015). Access to Psycotherapy in The Era of Web 2.0. – New Media, Old inequalities? International Journal of Health Professions, 2(2): 119-129. DOI: 10.1515/ijhp-2015-0010.
  7. Ardito R., Rabellino D. (2011). Therapeutic alliance and outcome of psychotherapy:
  8. historical excursus, measurements, and prospects for research. Frontiers in Psychology, 2: Art 270. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00270.
  9. Bara B. (2018). Il terapeuta relazionale. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
  10. Berger T. (2017) The therapeutic alliance in Internet interventions: A narrative review and suggestions for future research. Psychother. Research, 27(5): 511-524. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1119908.
  11. Bowlby J. (1980). Attachment and Loss. Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and Depression. New York: Basic Books.
  12. Carlbring P., Andersson G., Cuijpers P., Riper H., Hedman-Lagerlof E. (2018). Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: an updated systematic review ad meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 47: 1-18. DOI:10.1080/16506073.2017.1401115.
  13. Damasio A. (2018). Lo strano ordine delle cose. Milano: Adelphi.
  14. Damasio A. (2010). Self comes to mind: Constructing the conscious brain. London:
  15. Heinemann.
  16. Durlik C., Cardini F., Tsakiris M. (2014). Being watched: The effect of social selffocus on interoceptive and exteroceptive somatosensory perception. Consciousness and Cognition, 25: 42-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.01.010.
  17. Enrici I., Bara B., Adenzato M. (2020) Theory of Mind, pragmatics and the brain. Pragmatics and Cognition, 26: 5-38. DOI: 10.1075/pc.19010.enr.
  18. Fitzpatrick M., Nedeljkovic M., Abbott J.-A., Kyrios M., Moulding R. (2018). “Blended” therapy: The development and pilot evaluation of an Internet facilitates cognitive behavioral intervention to supplement face-to-face therapy for hoarding disorder. Internet Interventions, 12: 16.25. DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.02.006.
  19. Hadjistavropoulos H.D., Pugh N.E., Hesser H., Andersson G. (2016). Therapeutic Alliance in Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Depression or Generalized Anxiety. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(2): 451-461. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2014.
  20. Hanley T. (2009). The working alliance in on-line therapy with young people: Preliminary findings. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 37(3): 257-269. DOI: 10.1080/03069880902956991.
  21. Hazem N., George N., Baltazar M., Conty L. (2017). I know you can see me: Social
  22. attention influences bodily self-awareness. Biological Psychology, 124: 21-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.007.
  23. Hietanen J.K., Leppä nen J.M., Peltola M.J., Linna-aho K., Ruuhiala H.J. (2008). Seeing direct and averted gaze activates the approach-avoidance motivational brain systems. Neuropsychologia, 46(9): 2423-2430. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.029.
  24. Hietanen J.O., Hietanen J.K. (2017). Genuine eye contact elicits self-referential processing. Consciousness and Cognition, 51: 100-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.01.019.
  25. Horvath A.O., Luborsky L. (1993). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy.
  26. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(4): 561-73. DOI: 10.1037//0022-006X.61.4.561.
  27. Isomura T., Watanabe K. (2020). Direct gaze enhances interoceptive accuracy. Cognition, 195: 104113. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104113.
  28. Knaevelsrud C., Brand J., Lange A., Ruwaard J., Wagner B. (2015). Web-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in war-traumatized Arab patients: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(3): E71. DOI: 10. 2196/jmir.3582.
  29. Knaevelsrud C., Maercker A. (2007). Internet-based treatment for PTSD reduces distress and facilitates the development of a strong therapeutic alliance: A randomized
  30. controlled clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry, 7:13. DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-7-13.
  31. Ladavas E., Berti A. (2014). Neuropsicologia. Quarta edizione. Bologna: il Mulino.
  32. Liotti G. (1994). La dimensione interpersonale della coscienza. Roma: Carocci.
  33. Lombard M., Ditton T. (1997). At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2). DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x.
  34. Morgan R.D., Patrick A.R., Magaletta P.R. (2008). Does the use of telemental health alter the treatment experience? Inmates’ perceptions of telemental health versus face-to-face treatment modalities. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(1): 158-162. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.158.
  35. Myllyneva A., Ranta K., Hietanen J.K. (2015). Psychophysiological responses to eye contact in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Biological Psychology, 109: 151-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.05.005.
  36. Ogden P., Goldstein B. (2020). Sensorimotor Psychotherapy from a Distance: Engaging the Body, Creating Presence, and Building Relationship in Videoconferencing. In: Theory and Practice of On-line Therapy Internet-delivered interventions for Individuals, Groups, Families, and Organizations. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, pp. 47-65.
  37. Pönkä nen L.M., Peltola M.J., Hietanen J.K. (2011). The observer observed: Frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic responses differentiate between another person’s direct and averted gaze when the face is seen live. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 82(2): 180-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.08.006.
  38. Porges S.W. (2011). The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-regulation. New York: W.W. Norton.
  39. Preschl B., Maercker A., Wagner B. (2011). The working alliance in a randomized controlled trial comparing on-line with face-to-face cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. BMC Psychiatry, 11: 189. DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-11-189.
  40. Rees C.S., Stone S. (2005). Therapeutic alliance in face-toface versus videoconferenced
  41. psychotherapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(6): 649-653. DOI: 10.1037/0735-7028.36.6.649.
  42. Rolnick A. (2020). Principles of Internet-based Treatment. In: Theory and Practice of On-line Therapy Internet-delivered interventions for Individuals, Groups, Families, and Organizations. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
  43. Russell G.I. (2015). Screen Relations. London: Karnac.
  44. Simpson S.G., Reid C.L. (2014). Therapeutic alliance in videoconferencing psychotherapy: A review. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 22(6): 280-99. DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12149.
  45. Schore A.N. (2009). Right-brain affect regulation: An essential mechanism of development, trauma, dissociation, and psychotherapy. In: Fosha D., Siegel D., Solomon M. (eds.), The Healing Power of Emotion: Affective Neuroscience, Development and Clinical Practice. New York: W.W. Norton, pp. 112-144.
  46. Siegel D. (2019). Diventare consapevoli. Una pratica di meditazione rivoluzionaria.
  47. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  48. Spek V., Cuijpers P., Nyklicek I., Riper H., Keyzer J., Pop V. (2007). Internet-based
  49. cognitive-behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: a metaanalysis.
  50. Psychological Medicine, 37(3): 319-28. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291706008944.
  51. Sucala M., Schnur J.B., Brackman E.H., Constantino M., Montgomery G.H. (2013).
  52. Clinicians’ attitudes toward therapeutic alliance in E-therapy. The Journal of General Psychology, 140(4): 282-293. DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2013.830590.
  53. Van Der Kolk B.A. (2015). Il corpo accusa il colpo. Mente, corpo e cervello nell’elaborazione delle memorie traumatiche. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  54. Veglia F. (1999). Storie di vita. Narrazione e cura in psicoterapia cognitiva. Torino:
  55. Bollati Boringhieri.
  56. Vriends N., Meral Y., Bargas-Avila J.A., Stadler C., Bögels S.M. (2017). How do I look? Self-focused attention during a video chat of women with social anxiety (disorder), Behaviour Research and Therapy, 92: 77-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.02.008.
  57. Wagner B., Brand J., Schulz W., Knaevelsrud C. (2012). On-line working alliance predicts treatment outcome for posttraumatic stress symptoms in Arab wartraumatized
  58. patients. Depression and Anxiety, 29(7): 646-51. DOI: 10.1002/da.21962.
  59. Wehmann E., Köhnen M., Härter M., Liebherz S. (2020). Therapeutic Alliance in Technology-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Depression: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(6): e17195. DOI: 10.2196/17195.

Metriche

Caricamento metriche ...