Articoli
2022
Introduzione. Lavoro digitale e crisi del sistema di lavoro salariato
- Federico Cicchi
- Marco Marrone
- Antonio A. Casilli
Abstract
In questa introduzione i curatori del numero speciale di Sociologia del Lavoro, dedicato al lavoro digitale e alla crisi del sistema salariale, analizzano le recenti tendenze nella ricerca sul capitalismo delle piattaforme all’indomani dell’epidemia. Le piattaforme non sono solo un tipo di modello di business: sono diventate un’infrastruttura cruciale attorno alla quale la società si riorganizza. Estraggono valore non solo dalle attività lavorative tradizionali, ma anche dalla cooperazione sociale. Le loro operazioni permeano anche gli spazi privati e trasformano legami sociali come la parentela, l’amicizia e la sessualità in complessi schemi di monetizzazione. Questo processo rappresenta un allontanamento dall’istituzione salariale, dove l’identità era legata alla posizione occupata da ciascun individuo rispetto al lavoro e al salario. In definitiva, la dimensione nascosta del capitalismo digitale è rappresentata dall’automazione che, contrariamente all’opinione prevalente, non segna il declino del lavoro umano. Per implementare gli algoritmi delle piattaforme è necessaria, infatti, un’enorme quantità di dati e di lavoro sui dati. Questo lavoro viene svolto da lavoratori sottopagati e micropagati, spesso residenti in Paesi a basso reddito. Anche se il capitalismo delle piattaforme appare più forte dopo l’esplosione di Covid-19, è ben lontano dal dominare le sfide globali che innesca. Man mano che le sue contraddizioni diventano evidenti, le nuove lotte dei lavoratori digitali diventano più visibili e meglio organizzate.
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