Il presente contributo propone una sintesi dell’evoluzione del sistema di classificazione diagnostica del DSM, mettendola in relazione al contesto epistemologico di riferimento, per arrivare a cogliere che cosa induca, ora, a ritenere che sia in atto un cambiamento di paradigma, come suggerito dall’articolo-bersaglio di Antonietti, Borgatti e Giorgetti (2022). Il progetto RDoC (2009) e il progetto Human Connectome (2011) promossi dall’NHI hanno aperto nuove prospettive per la diagnosi dei disturbi mentali e, in particolare, per i disturbi del neurosviluppo. Tuttavia questi nuovi approcci non sembrano essere ancora giunti ad una fase di sviluppo che consenta di trovare in essi, per ora, delle alternative in grado di portare al completo superamento del sistema DSM/ICD. Sulla base di queste considerazioni il contributo si conclude con il suggerimento di continuare, per il momento, a insegnare e a utilizzare le categorie diagnostiche dei manuali di riferimento in quanto esse svolgono un ruolo importante in termini di comunicazione della diagnosi all’individuo e alla sua famiglia, di tutela, di attivazione dei servizi. La consapevolezza dei limiti di tali categorie induce, però, a privilegiare fin d’ora una pratica di assessment volta a cogliere anche il funzionamento complessivo dell’individuo, in ottica transdiagnostica e multidimensionale, per ricavare informazioni utili per il trattamento e per promuovere un migliore livello di adattamento e di benessere nell’individuo nel suo contesto di vita.
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