Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Studies and researches

No. 50 (2022)

I modelli teorici di matrice cognitivista nella consulenza tecnica in ambito civile nei casi di separazione divorzio: riflessioni ed esemplificazioni cliniche

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/qpc50-2022oa14084
Submitted
luglio 11, 2022
Published
2022-07-28

Abstract

L’articolo valuta il ruolo dell’esperto impegnato nelle consulenze tecniche, nell’ambito delle vicende separative. Vengono analizzati gli strumenti a supporto del lavoro clinico forense e i modelli tecnico-teorici dei terapeuti cognitivisti che lavorano in questo ambito. Le autrici propongono il tema della valutazione della genitorialità, con particolare attenzione alla teoria dell’attaccamento, al modello dinamico-maturativo e al primario interesse del minore.
Seguendo il modello cognitivista evoluzionista e quello post-razionalista, viene poi sottolineato il ruolo della relazione e del processo conoscitivo narrativo. Vengono messe in luce altresì le principali criticità che lo psicologo forense può dover affrontare in un contesto denso di conflittualità, come quello delle separazioni. Vengono affrontati i temi centrali da esplorare in CTU e gli interventi che si possono attuare durante l’iter peritale, al fine di promuovere il riconoscimento e la condivisione della sofferenza, oltre che la cooperazione, ritenuti elementi centrali del buon esito della consulenza. Vengono affrontati due casi clinici-forensi, rileggendoli alla luce dei modelli proposti. Le autrici auspicano inoltre che i professionisti in ambito forense acquisiscano competenze e riflessività sulle ricadute del proprio agire professionale, sufficienti a perseguire lo scopo, ovvero il benessere del minore e della famiglia.

References

  1. Ahrons C.R. (1981). The continuing coparental relationship between divorced spouses. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51(3): 415-428. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1981.tb01390.x.
  2. Ainsworth M.D.S., Bell S.M. & Stayton D.J. (1974). Infant-mother attachment and social devlopment. In: Richards J.M. (ed.). The integration of a child into a social world (pp. 99-135). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  3. Ainsworth M.D.S., Blehar M.C., Waters E. & Wall S.N. (1978, 2015). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. London: Psychology Press.
  4. Amato P.R. & Keith B. (1991). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1): 26-46. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.26.
  5. Bachmann C.J., Beecham J., O’Connor T.G., Scott A., Briskman J. & Scott S. (2019). The cost of love: Financial consequences of insecure attachment in antisocial youth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(12): 1343-1350. DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13103.
  6. Bacro F., Forslund T. & Granqvist P. (2020). Children’s multiple attachment relationships and representations in different family contexts. In: Forslund T. & Duschinsky R. (eds.). Attachment theory and research: A reader. New York: Wiley.
  7. Boldt L.J., Kochanska G., Yoon J.E. & Nordling J.K. (2014). Children’s attachment to both parents from toddler age to middle childhood: Links to adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Attachment & Human Development, 16(3): 211-229. DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2014.889181.
  8. Bornstein M.H. (1995). Handbook of parenting. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
  9. Bowlby J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
  10. Bowlby J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Loss. New York: Basic Books.
  11. Brown G.L., Schoppe-Sullivan S.J., Mangelsdorf S.C. & Neff C. (2010). Observed and reported supportive coparenting as predictors of infant-mother and infant-father attachment security. Early Child Development and Care, 180(1-2): 121-137. DOI: 10.1080/03004430903415015.
  12. Camerini G.B., Volpini L. & Lopez G. (2011). Manuale di valutazione delle capacità genitoriali. APS-I: Assessment of Parental Skills-Interview. Rimini: Maggioli Editore.
  13. Carter D. (2014). Coordinazione genitoriale. Una guida pratica per i professionisti del diritto di famiglia. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  14. Chen J.-D. & George R.A. (2005). Cultivating Resilience in Children from Divorced Families. The Family Journal, 13(4): 452-455. DOI: 10.1177/1066480705278686.
  15. Cionini L. (1999). Psicoterapia cognitiva. Roma: Carocci.
  16. Crittenden P. (2008). Raising Parents. London: Routledge.
  17. Crittenden P.M. (1995). Attachment and psychopathology. In: Goldberg S. Muir R. & Kerr J. (eds.). John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory: Historical, clinical and social significance (pp. 367-406). NY: Analytical Press.
  18. Crittenden P.M. & Baim C. (2017). Using assessment of attachment in child care proceedings to guide intervention. In: Dixon L., Perkins D.F., Hamilton-Giachritis C. & Craig L.A. (eds.). What works in child protection: An evidenced based approach to assessment and intervention in care proceedings (pp. 385-402). New York: Wiley.
  19. Crittenden P.M., Farnfield S., Landini A. & Grey B. (2013). Assessing attachment for family court decision making. Journal of Forensic Practice, 15(4): 237-248. DOI: 10.1108/JFP-08-2012-0002.
  20. Dimaggio G., Montano A., Popolo R. & Salvatore G. (2013). Terapia metacognitiva interpersonale dei disturbi di personalità. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
  21. Feldman R. & Masalha S. (2007). The role of culture in moderating the links between early ecological risk and young children’s adaptation. Development and Psychopathology, 19(1): 1-21. DOI: 10.1017/S0954579407070010.
  22. Fonagy P. & Bateman A.W. (2006). Mechanisms of change in mentalization-based treatment of BPD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62: 411-430.
  23. Fonagy P. & Target M. (2001). Attaccamento e funzione riflessiva. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
  24. George C., Kaplan N. & Main M. (1985). Adult Attachment Interview. Unpublished manuscript. Berkeley: University of California.
  25. Gilbert P. (1989). Human nature and suffering. London: Erlbaum.
  26. Grice P. (1969). Utterer’s meaning and intentions. The Philosophical Review, 78: 147-177. DOI: 10.2307/2184179.
  27. Grossmann K. (2013). Attachment and divorce: Facts, myths and dilemmas in custody disputes. In: Sagi-Schwartz A. (eds.). Roundtable conducted at the 6th international attachment conference, Pavia.
  28. Guidano V.F. (1987). Complexity of the Self. New York: Guilford Press (trad. it.: La complessità del Sé. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1988).
  29. Guidano V.F. & Liotti G. (1983). Cognitive Processes and Emotional Disorders: A Structural Approach to Psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.
  30. Howlin P., Baron-Cohen S. & Hadwin J. (1999). Teaching Children with Autism to Mind-Read: A Practical Guide. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  31. Kalmijn M. (2016). Father-child contact, interparental conflict, and depressive symptoms among children of divorced parents. European Sociological Review, 32(1): 68-80. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcv095.
  32. Kelly J.B. & Emery R.E. (2003). Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives. Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 52(4): 352-362. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00352.
  33. Kelly J.B. & Lamb M.E. (2000). Using child development research to make appropriate custody and access decisions for young children. Family and Conciliation Court Review, 38(3): 297-311. DOI: 10.1111/j.174-1617.2000.tb00577.
  34. Lamb M. (2018). Does shared parenting by separated parents affect the adjustment of young children? Journal of Child Custody, 15(1): 16-25. DOI: 10.1080/15379418.2018. 1425105.
  35. Lamb M.E. (2012). A wasted opportunity to engage with the literature on the implications of attachment research for family court professionals. Family Court Review, 50(3): 481-485. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-1617.2012.01463.
  36. Lambruschi F. (2014). Psicoterapia cognitiva dell’età evolutiva. Procedure di assessment e strategie psicoterapeutiche. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
  37. Liotti G. (1995). Disorganized/disoriented attachment in the psychotherapy of the dissociative disorders. In: Liotti G. & Monticelli F. (2008). I Sistemi Motivazionali nel dialogo clinico. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
  38. Main M., Hesse E. & Hesse S. (2011). Attachment theory and research: Overview with suggested applications to child custody. Family Court Review, 49(3): 426-463. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-1617.2011.01383.
  39. Malagoli Togliatti M. & Ardone R. (1993). Adolescenti e genitori. Una relazione affettiva tra potenzialità e rischi. Roma: Carocci.
  40. Mitcham-Smith M. & Henry W.J. (2007). High-conflict divorce solutions: Parenting coordination as an innovative co-parenting intervention. The Family Journal, 15(4): 368-373. DOI: 10.1177/1066480707303751.
  41. Morgado B. (2010). La relación con el padre tras el divorcio: la mirada de niños y niñas [Relationship with noncustodial father after divorce: children’s points of view]. Estudios de Psicología, 31: 39-59. DOI: 10.1174/021093910790744554.
  42. Owen M.T. & Cox M.J. (1997). Marital conflict and the development of infant-parent attachment relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 11(2): 152-164. DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.11.2.152.
  43. Panksepp J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundation of human and animal emotions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  44. Pennebaker J.W. (2001). Tradurre in parole le esperienze traumatiche: implicazioni per la salute. In: Solano L. (a cura di). Tra mente e corpo. Come si costruisce la salute. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
  45. Saunders R., Jacobvitz D., Zaccagnino M., Beverung L. & Hazen N. (2011). Pathways to earned-security: The role of alternative support figures. Attachment & Human Development, 13(4): 403-420. DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2011.584405.
  46. Scott S., Briskman J., Woolgar M., Humayun S. & O’Connor T.M. (2011). Attachment in adolescence: Overlap with parenting and unique prediction of behavioural adjustment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(10): 1052-1062. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02453.
  47. Semerari A., Carcione A., Dimaggio G., Falcone M., Nicolò G., Procacci M. & Alleva G. (2003). How to evaluate metacognitive functioning in psychotherapy? The Metacognition Assessment Scale and its applications. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 10: 238-261.
  48. Smith G., Caffino B., Van Horn P. & Lieberman A. (2012). Attachment and child custody: The importance of available parents. In: Kuehnle K. & Drozd L. (eds.). Parenting plan evaluations: Applied research for the family court (pp. 5-24). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  49. Solomon J. & George C. (1999). The development of attachment in separated and divorced families: Effects of overnight visitation, parent, and couple variables. Attachment & Human Development, 1(1): 1-33. DOI: 10.1080/14616739900134011.
  50. Sroufe A. & McIntosh J. (2011). Divorce and attachment relationships: The longitudinal journey. Family Court Review, 49(3): 464-473. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-1617.2011.01384.
  51. Tan E.S., McIntosh J.E., Kothe E.J., Opie J.E. & Olsson C.A. (2018). Couple relationship quality and offspring attachment security: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Attachment & Human Development, 20(4): 349-377. DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1401651.
  52. van IJzendoorn M.H., Sagi A. & Lambermon M.W.E. (1992). The multiple parent: The role of other adults in children’s lives. New directions for child development (vol. 57, pp. 5-25).
  53. Visentini G.L. (2006). Definizione e funzioni della genitorialità , testo disponibile al sito: www.genitorialita.it/documenti/le-funzioni-della-genitorialita/.
  54. Warshak R.A. (2014). Social science and parenting plans for young children: A consensus report. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 20(1): 46-67. DOI: 10.1037/law0000005.
  55. Yárnoz-Yaben S. (2010). Hacia la coparentalidad post-divorcio: Percepción del apoyo recibido de la ex pareja en progenitores divorciados españoles. International Journal of Health Psychology, 10: 296-297.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...