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FrancoAngeli Journals

Sez. generale - Studi e ricerche

N. 45 (2019)

L’attaccamento e la relazione terapeutica

Inviata
31 dicembre 2019
Pubblicato
31-12-2019

Abstract

Secondo diversi autori clinici che si ispirano alla teoria dell’attaccamento, il concetto di attaccamento sicuro può essere considerato come in parte sovrapponibile a quello di alleanza terapeutica. In questo articolo, illustriamo le ragioni per cui è possibile considerare i pattern di attaccamento e l’alleanza terapeutica come due concetti distinti ma in un rapporto di influenza reciproca. Presentiamo inoltre il Patient Attachment Coding System (PACS), uno strumento di analisi della comunicazione tra paziente e terapeuta, che consente di valutare il pattern di attaccamento del paziente attraverso l’analisi del trascritto di una singola seduta psicoterapeutica. La ricerca con il PACS evidenzia come l’attaccamento sicuro consenta una maggiore vicinanza emotiva all’altro e una migliore capacità di esplorazione e riflessione circa i propri stati interni, mentre i pattern di attaccamento insicuro sono associati a considerevoli difficoltà in queste aree. In questa prospettiva, le differenze individuali riscontrabili nei diversi pattern di attaccamento, sicuri e insicuri, corrispondono a distinte modalità cooperative, che complessivamente rappresentano gli sforzi del parlante di trasmettere i propri vissuti in modo collaborativo nel dialogo con il terapeuta. L’utilizzo del PACS per monitorare le comunicazioni tra paziente e terapeuta può contribuire alla
comprensione della negoziazione dell’alleanza terapeutica, offrendo una nuova prospettiva ai clinici interessati a migliorare la propria capacità di co-costruire il rapporto pazienteterapeuta.

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