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FrancoAngeli Journals

Sezione Generale - Linee guida per i disturbi sintomatici

N. 54 (2024)

Suggerimenti di buona pratica clinica per i Disturbi dell’Alimentazione e della Nutrizione

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/qpc54-2024oa18659
Inviata
10 ottobre 2024
Pubblicato
17-10-2024

Abstract

Questo studio esamina le attuali evidenze e approcci terapeutici per il trattamento dei Disturbi dell’Alimentazione e della Nutrizione (DAN), focalizzandosi su Anoressia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) e Disturbo da Alimentazione Incontrollata (BED). I principali obiettivi della terapia psicologica includono l’aumento della consapevolezza delle difficoltà emotive e relazionali, il miglioramento dei sintomi psicopatologici, la normalizzazione del comportamento alimentare e del peso, e il sostegno delle famiglie. La Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamentale Migliorata (CBT-E) emerge come il trattamento più studiato e raccomandato per AN e BN, con un’efficacia dimostrata anche nel BED. Tuttavia, la CBT-E ha mostrato risultati variabili in termini di remissione completa, con tassi che vanno dal 37% al 55%. Altri approcci, come la Terapia Dialettico Comportamentale (DBT) e la Terapia Metacognitiva Interpersonale (TMI-DCA), mostrano risultati promettenti, soprattutto per pazienti con disregolazione emotiva e schemi interpersonali disadattivi. Il trattamento farmacologico, sebbene utile, ha una limitata efficacia e necessita di ulteriori ricerche. In sintesi, è fondamentale un approccio integrato che consideri la comorbilità e i fattori psicopatologici sottostanti per migliorare l’aderenza e i risultati del trattamento.

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