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FrancoAngeli Journals

Sez. generale - Studi e ricerche

N. 52 (2023)

Suggerimenti di buona pratica clinica per il disturbo evitante di personalità

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/qpc52-2023oa16175
Inviata
6 luglio 2023
Pubblicato
17-07-2023

Abstract

Questa review si concentra sugli aspetti diagnostici e sul trattamento del Disturbo Evitante di Personalità (DE). Gli studi attuali sottolineano la stretta relazione tra DE e Disturbo d’Ansia Sociale e la relativa stabilità dei sintomi oltre che l’impatto in termini sociali ed economici.
Le scarse evidenze empiriche mostrano risultati promettenti per gli interventi psicoterapici, in particolare per le terapie di orientamento cognitivo-comportamentale, anche di terza onda. Mancano a oggi studi randomizzati sufficientemente solidi, mentre stanno apparendo recentemente alcuni lavori su gruppi di pazienti con grave DE trattati grazie a una comprensione accurata della psicopatologia. Complessivamente, allo stato dell’arte, è possibile suggerire alcuni obiettivi generali di medio-lungo termine da tenere in considerazione nel trattamento di questi pazienti. Gli approcci terapeutici dovrebbero mirare ai pattern pervasivi di inibizione e ritiro sociale, ai sentimenti di inadeguatezza e all’ipersensibilità verso il giudizio negativo e il rifiuto. Sarebbe utile anche puntare al miglioramento delle funzioni riflessive e metacognitive, a interrompere i processi di rimuginio e ruminazione. Allo stato attuale sappiamo che il DE è un disturbo con importanti problemi sintomatici e sociali e sono urgentemente necessari studi randomizzati controllati per definire meglio come trattarlo con efficacia.

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