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FrancoAngeli Journals

Sez. generale - Studi e ricerche

N. 50 (2022)

Verso la costruzione di un legame affettivo. Il trattamento integrato della Theraplay e della psicoterapia Diadica evolutiva in caso di affido e adozione

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/qpc50-2022oa14081
Inviata
11 luglio 2022
Pubblicato
28-07-2022

Abstract

I minori che entrano nel percorso di affido e adozione si trovano a dover affrontare la rottura del primo legame affettivo con la loro famiglia d’origine e l’inizio di un nuovo legame con quello dei genitori adottivi. In molti casi i minori prima di essere adottati, hanno inoltre transitato in diverse case famiglie, e/o sono passati da una o più esperienze di affido. In generale a una iniziale fase di “buon adattamento” del bambino seguono momenti di forte crisi (Brodzinsky et al., 1990). Alla luce di questo, i percorsi e i programmi rivolti alla tutela del minore e delle famiglie devono assumere dei metodi per la valutazione delle competenze genitoriali e la scelta di programmi di supporto e trattamento che siano rivolti alla relazione (Steele et al., 2003), alla costruzione dei legami affettivi (Hill & Schore, 2015), e informati sugli esiti del trauma (Porges, 2004), per evitare il ripetersi di esperienze dalla valenza abbandonica e traumatica per il minore stesso. L’obiettivo del presente articolo è quello di introdurre la Theraplay (Booth & Jernberg, 2010) e la Terapia diadica dello sviluppo, DDP (Huges, 2007; Huges et al., 2019) come piani di trattamento integrabili fra di loro, nelle diverse fasi del processo adottivo, che promuovono la connessione e il suo recupero a fronte di rotture nella relazione genitore bambino, attraverso sedute alternate di gioco strutturate, di dialogo, in un clima comunicativo di tipo affettivo e riflessivo basato sulla giocosità, amorevolezza, accettazione ed empatia e curiosità fra le parti (Lender, et al., 2005).

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