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1/2019: Modelli della Mente

Pornografia online. Correlati neurologici, processi cognitivi e comportamentali di sviluppo e mantenimento

Inviata
10 febbraio 2020
Pubblicato
10-02-2020

Abstract

Ad oggi sono quasi inesistenti gli studi che hanno indagato in modo sistematico e scientificamente fondato l’eziologia della dipendenza sessuale.
In modo molto generico ci sono alcuni studi che hanno trovato un’associazione con forme insicure di attaccamento (Zapf, Greiner, Carroll, 2008), oppure ci sono le ipotesi di Carnes (Carnes, 1983/1992, 1989, 1991) che la vedevano associata a delle convinzioni di base disfunzionali che riguardavano l’immagine di sé, i bisogni di base e la sessualità. Si riteneva che queste convinzioni di base fossero radicate nel sentimento della vergogna, nato all’interno di varie forme di abuso vissuto nell’infanzia.
In passate pubblicazioni (Cantelmi e Lambiase, 2015) abbiamo presentato alcune ipotesi di “traiettorie eziologiche” che riguardano l’attaccamento, il funzionamento metacognitivo e la sessualizzazione culturale.
In associazione a queste dinamiche, in tempi recenti, sono stati indagati con sempre maggiore approfondimento, due ambiti che riguardano soprattutto una forma di dipendenza sessuale, quella da pornografia online: le relazioni tra il comportamento sessuale e il funzionamento cognitivo e comportamentale, il rapporto tra l’uso e la dipendenza dalla pornografia e il funzionamento cerebrale.
Dall’analisi di questi studi è emerso come forme di utilizzo patologico della pornografia online possono essere favorite sia da vulnerabilità e caratteristiche psicologiche, che da risposte di apprendimento condizionato caratteristiche del mezzo in sé, che possono agire sui meccanismi del cervello implicati nei processi di gratificazione, tipici delle altre forme di dipendenza da sostanze e da comportamenti.

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