Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Articles

No. 1 (2026)

Promoting future-oriented imaginative processes in pre-service teachers: Proposal of a self-report tool to foster self-awareness prior to starting training internships

  • Martina Cavassori
  • Davide Capperucci
  • Andrea Baroncelli
  • Enrica Ciucci
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/cad2026oa23299
Submitted
luglio 20, 2026
Published
2026-08-27

Abstract

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of a selfreport questionnaire derived from the Professional Standards for Early Childhood and Primary Education (in Italian, Standard profili professionali primaria e infanzia – S3PI; Bandini et al., 2019), a tool aimed at guiding and assessing progress during the internship in school contexts for students of the master’s degree in primary education. A sample of 47 female students (mean age = 21.16 years, SD = 5.94 years) at the beginning of the training course, without previous internship or teaching experience, compiled the questionnaire imagining themselves in the role of future trainees. The two dimensions envisaged (“Values and Attitudes” and “Professional Community and Education”) showed good indices of reliability, and associations with measures of personal emotional selfefficacy and selfefficacy as a future emotional socializer were examined. The results were discussed emphasizing the importance of promoting selfreflective practices in future teachers even before the start of their first internship experience within the school contexts.

References

  1. Ballantyne, J., Kerchner, J. L., Aróstegui, J. L. (2012), “Developing music teacher identities: An international multi-site study”, International Journal of Music Education, 30 (3), pp. 211-226, Doi: 10.1177%2F0255761411433720.
  2. Bandini, G., Calvani A. (2019), Standard profili professionali primaria e infanzia (S3PI). Profilo professionale del tirocinante, https://sites.google.com/st-uma-form.unifi.it/qualita-formazione-maestri/standard-professionali-s3pi.
  3. Bandini G., Calvani A., Falaschi E., Menichetti L. (2015), “The professional profile of the teacher trainees in the Course of Primary Education. The SPPPI model”, Rivista Formazione Lavoro Persona, 5 (15), pp. 89-104.
  4. Bandura, A. (1997), Self-Efficacy: The exercise of control. Boston: Worth Publishers. Baroncelli, A., Facci, C., Carpenzano, D., Ciucci, E. (2023), “The care of teacher as a person and a professional: empirical evidences to guide training on the emotional and relational aspects of teaching”, RicercAzione, 15 (1), pp. 173-186.
  5. Baroncelli, A., Iacopino, M., Facci, C., Tomberli, L., Ciucci, E. (2022), “The bound-aries between personal life and professional role: a proposal to apply some principles of the Structural Family Therapy by Salvador Minuchin to teachers”, Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy, 50 (1), pp. 33-44, Doi: 10.1080/02607476.2022.2152653.
  6. Beltman, S., Glass, C., Dinham, J., Chalk, B., Nguyen, B. (2015), “Drawing identity: Beginning pre-service teachers’ professional identities”, Issues in Educational Research, 25 (3), pp. 225-246, http://www.iier.org.au/iier25/beltman.pdf.
  7. Blackley, S., Bennett, D., Sheffield, R. (2018), “Pre-service teachers’ articulation of their future selves”, Issues in Educational Research, 28 (4), pp. 849-869.
  8. Bombieri, R. (2021), “‘Social and emotional learning’ (SEL): criticità e nuove sfide per il mondo educativo e scolastico”, RicercAzione, 13 (1), pp. 147-164.
  9. Brzoska P., Razum, O. (2010), Validity issues in quantitative migrant health re-search: the example of illness perceptions. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
  10. Capperucci, D. (2018), Il modello S3PI: uno strumento per la costruzione e val-utazione del profilo professionale dei tirocinanti del Corso di laurea magistrale in Scienze della Formazione primaria. In I. Bolognesi, M. D’Ascenzo (a cura di), Insegnanti si diventa. L’esperienza di tirocinio nei Corsi di laurea magistrale in Scienze della Formazione primaria. Milano: FrancoAngeli, pp. 122-130.
  11. Capperucci, D. (2022), “Initial teacher education to develop global competences”, Pedagogia oggi, 20 (1), pp. 111-117, Doi: 10.7346/PO-012022-14.
  12. Capperucci, D., Dodman, M. (2025), Respond: Sustaining the professional develop-ment of teachers within schools as professional learning environments. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  13. CASEL (2021), SEL 101: What are the core competencies and key settings? (video), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouXhi_CfBVg.
  14. CASEL (2023), What is the CASEL Framework?, https://casel.org/fundamentals-of-sel/what-is-the-casel- framework/#families-caregivers.
  15. Ciucci, E., Baroncelli, A. (2024), “Meta-emotion philosophy in teachers from kin-dergarten to middle school”, Current Psychology, 43, pp. 17464-17476, Doi: 10.1007/s12144-024-05705-2.
  16. Ciucci, E., Baroncelli, A., Toselli, M. (2015), “Meta-emotion philosophy in early childhood teachers: Psychometric properties of the Crèche Educator Emotional Styles Questionnaire”, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 33, pp. 1-11.
  17. Clark, L. A., Watson, D. (1995), “Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development”, Psychological Assessment, 7 (3), pp. 309-319.
  18. Clark, L. A., Watson, D. (2019), “Constructing validity: New developments in creat-ing objective measuring instruments”, Psychological Assessment, 31 (12), pp. 1412-1427.
  19. D’Isa, L., Foschini F. (2015), Nuovo. I percorsi della mente. Primo Biennio. Milano: Hoepli.
  20. Decreto ministeriale 275 (1999, March 8), GU, (186), https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:presidente.repubblica:decreto:1999-03-08;275.
  21. Decreto ministeriale 66 (2017, 13 April 13), GU, 112, https://www.gazzettaufficiale. it/eli/id/2017/05/16/17G00074/sg.
  22. Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., Brunsden, V. (2014), “From alpha to omega:A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation”, British Journal of Psychology, 15, pp. 399-412, https:/ doi.org/1.1111/bjop.1246.
  23. Fan, L., Zhang, Z., Li, X. (2025), “The influence of after-school tutoring on the mental health of middle school students: A mediating effect test based on sleep deprivation and academic performance”, PLoS ONE, 20 (4), e0321048, Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321048.
  24. GENE (2022), The European Declaration on Global Education to 2050. The Dublin Declaration, https://www.gene.eu/ge2050-congress.
  25. Ivasciuc, I., Marinescu, N., Ispas, A. (2025), “Unlocking new horizons: teacher mo-bility and competence growth via Erasmus Exchange programs”, Education Sci-ences, 15 (6), 712, Doi: 10.3390/educsci15060712.
  26. Jennings, P. A., Greenberg, M. T. (2009), “The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes”, Re-view of Educational Research, 79, pp. 491-525, Doi: 10.3102/ 0034654308325693.
  27. Legge n. 107 (2015, July 13), GU, (162), https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn: nir:stato:legge:2015-07-13;107!vig=.
  28. Legge n. 22 (2025, February 19), GU, (53), https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/ id/2025/03/05/25G00029/SG.
  29. Linzarini, A., Catarino da Silva, D. (2024), “Innovative tools for the direct assess-ment of social and emotional skills”, OECD Education Working Papers, No. 316. Paris: OECD Publishing, Doi: 10.1787/eed9bb04-en.
  30. Lippke, S. (2020), Self-Efficacy. In V. Zeigler-Hill, T. K. Shackelford (Eds), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. Cham: Springer, pp. 4713-4719. Maltby, J., Day, L., Williams, G. (2007), Introduction to statistics for nurses. London: Routledge.
  31. Maslow, A. H. (1992), Motivazione e personalità. Roma: Armando.
  32. McDonald, D. (2014), “‘So, you think you can teach?’ – Reflection Processes That Support Pre-Service Teachers’ Readiness for Field Experiences”, Inter-national Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, https://eric. ed.gov/?id=EJ1135199.
  33. Nunnally, J. C., Bernstein, I. H. (1994), Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 3rd ed.
  34. Schultz W., Ainley J., Fraillon J., Losito B., Agrusti G., Friedman T. (2018), Becom-ing Citizens in a Changing World. In IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2016 International Report. Cham: Springer.
  35. Steponavičius, M., Gress-Wright, C., Linzarini, A. (2023), “Social and emotional skills: Latest evidence on teachability and impact on life outcomes”, OECD Education Working Papers, No. 304. Paris: OECD Publishing, Doi: 10.1787/ba34f086-en.
  36. Sydorenko, V. V., Dzhus, O., Kozenko, R. V., Ivanenko, O. A., Zavadska, T. M. (2022), “Developing Teachers’ Soft Skills within the New Educational Para-digm: Competences, Values, Indicators, Results”, Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 49, pp. 23-42, Doi: 10.15388/actpaed.2022.49.2.
  37. Tesi, A., Baroncelli, A., Facci, C., Aiello, A., Ciucci, E. (2025), “Fostering teachers’ work engagement: the role of emotional Self-Efficacy toward one’s own emotions, professional Self-Efficacy, and job resources”, European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, 15 (9), 176, Doi: 10.3390/ejihpe15090176.
  38. UNESCO (2023), Preservice Teacher Training, https://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/pre-service-teacher-training.