Reality confirms that globalized supply, food security and especially their social dimension do not take precedence over the food and nutrition requirements of all communities in general, because the external extensions of chains and networks only pursue the efficiency of distribution, the sustainability of agri-food and nutritional products and services for profits. The regional/national agri-food potential represented by local and seasonal sources can be exploited in combination with the activities of large chains and networks in the field. The aim of the article is to better understand sustainable agri-food structures in the competitive business environment, to critically evaluate the vision of short proximity chains combined with long chains and agri-food networks. A considerable fragmentation of the food supply base, especially domestic, has an impact both upstream and downstream, on the entire processing, distribution and marketing chain of agri-food products. The effect on supply from small organizations in the field is still unclear, as they often do not have the coordinates or quantified influence on downstream chains and large agri-food networks, usually being disconnected from them. Food insecurity will increase due to inadequate market infrastructures and socioeconomic vulnerabilities in the most densely populated regions of the world. Global agricultural systems will be increasingly affected by the negative effect of climate change, water scarcity and price volatility The authors propose transdisciplinary collaboration in the field of food and nutrition security for Romania, with a focus on technologies that allow achieving security in the field.