Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Sustainability Governance: Legal, Economic, and Institutional Mechanisms"

No. 2 Thematic Issue (2025): Thematic Issue Sustainability Governance: Legal, Economic, and Institutional Mechanisms, Guest Editors: Karlis Ketners, Vitalii Kotsur

Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries in the field of mediation

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/riss2025oa21078
Submitted
22 settembre 2025
Published
30-12-2025

Abstract

Examining foreign practices helps determine the optimal models of legislation and principles that can be applied in the context of the Kazakh mediation system. Given the issue's significance, the study aimed to deliver an exhaustive analysis of mediation legislation and its implementation in the Republic of Kazakhstan and abroad. The legal nature of mediation was examined, during which the main principles on which the procedure is based were identified and analysed. The research contributed to a comprehensive understanding of the foundational conditions necessary for establishing mediation institutes within a national context, while simultaneously tracing the evolutionary trajectory through which mediation developed into one of the most sophisticated alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Through systematic comparative analysis, the investigation examined both legislative frameworks and the practical implementation of mediation procedures in the Republic of Kazakhstan and various international jurisdictions. The analytical findings revealed quantitative measures of mediation effectiveness within the Republic of Kazakhstan, establishing comparative benchmarks against international jurisdictions where mediation procedures have been systematically implemented and evaluated.

References

  1. Albanesi, E. and Teasdale, J. (2025). Law Reform in Small Jurisdictions. Challenges and Opportunities. Statute Law Review, 46(1), hmaf004. Doi: 10.1093/slr/hmaf004.
  2. Apakhayev, N., Madiyarova, A.S., Aigarinova, G., Ryskaliyev, D.U., Buribayev, Y.A. and Khamzina, Z.A. (2017). Current trends of legal regulation of relationships in the social protection sphere. Man in India, 97(11), 221-231.
  3. Bilyalova M., Musilimova K., Ilyassova G., Serikbayev A. and Akimzhanova M. (2022). Principles of administrative procedure and proceedings in Kazakhstan against the background of foreign experience. Public Integrity, 25(4), 399-414.
  4. Clark B. (2022). Mandatory mediation in England and Wales: Much ado about nothing?. Amicus Curiae, 4(1), 92-108.
  5. Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 350-VI “Administrative procedural code of the Republic of Kazakhstan” (2020). -- Text available at the website https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=35132264.
  6. Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 377-V “Civil procedure code of the Republic of Kazakhstan” (2015). -- Text available at the website https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=34329053.
  7. Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 231-V (2014). -- Text available at the website https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31575852&show_di=1.
  8. Deineha, M. (2022). Mediation as an alternative method of dispute resolution: International and national practices in legal regulation. Law. Human. Environment, 13(4), 16-25. Doi: 10.31548/law2022.04.002.
  9. Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 “On certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters” (2008). -- Text available at the website https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32008L0052.
  10. Galymzhan, B., Kanatbek, A., Akylbek, I., Akmaral, S., Yernazar, B., Akzada, M., Zhannat, T. and Indira, B. (2020). Constitutional rights of the president in determining the economic development strategy for the period of his office (based on the experience of central Asian countries). Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 23(6), 1-12.
  11. Gayo S. (2022). Alternative dispute resolution in mining disputes with the mechanism of mediation. International Journal of Research and Review, 9(3), 401-416.
  12. Gjorgjioska E., Gorgieva D. and Stoileva Z. (2022). Alternative disputes resolution for consumer disputes in the European Union. In: XII International Conference on Economy, Business & Society in Digitalized Environment (pp. 354-365). Doi: 10.20544/EBSiDE.01.01.22.p29.
  13. Horislavska, I. (2025). Alternative consumer protection methods in the context of civil law recodification. Law. Human. Environment, 16(1), 90-104. Doi: 10.31548/law/1.2025.90.
  14. Imanbaiev S.M. and Romanova A.H. (2021). Comparative legal analysis of the mediation institute under the criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the USA and Great Britain. Scientific Journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow, 2, 35-48.
  15. Ivaniuk, V. (2024). Theoretical and legal fundamentals of administrative offences prevention. Law, Policy and Security, 2(1), 46-57. Doi: 10.62566/lps/1.2024.46.
  16. Jafarov N.M. (2021). The importance of the principle of confidentiality in mediation. Scientific Work, 15(4), 314-316.
  17. Kaidarova Z. and Imanbayev S. (2020). Mediation in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Psychological and legal support. Pedagogy and Psychology, 42(1), 133-139.
  18. Kalshabaeva M.Zh., Sartaev S.A., Оspanova D.A., Ibrayev N.S. and Useinova, K.R. (2022). Some problems of the development of mediation as an alternative way to resolve disputes in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Bulletin of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 104(4), 12-25.
  19. Kenzhebekova Zh.K., Mussabalina G.T. and Kabyltayeva S.K. (2023). The history of the establishment of the institution of mediation in Kazakhstan: Problems and prospects. Bulletin of the Karaganda University, 109(1), 87-93.
  20. Khamzina, Z., Buribayev, Y., Taitorina, B. and Baisalova, G. (2021). Gender equality in employment: A view from Kazakhstan. Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 93(4), e20190042. Doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190042.
  21. Khovpun, O., Kichuk, Ya., Petrenko, А., Dombrovska, O. and Metil, А. (2024). Mediation as a conflict resolution tool in criminal proceedings in the context of martial law. Social and Legal Studios, 7(1), 264-272. Doi: 10.32518/sals2.2024.264.
  22. Kravtsov D.M., Zinovatna I.V., Burnyagina Y.M., Orlova N.H., Solovyov O.V. and Konopeltseva O.O. (2022). Mediation as an alternative way to solve the labor disputes. Scientific Notes. Series Law, 12, 73-79.
  23. Kury H. and Kuhlmann A. (2017). Mediation in Germany and other Western countries. Kriminologijos Studijos, 4, 5-46.
  24. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 401-IV “On Mediation” (2011). -- Text available at the website https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/Z1100000401.
  25. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 402-IV “On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on mediation issues” (2011). -- Text available at the website https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30927293.
  26. Law of Ukraine No. 1875-IX “On Mediation” (2021). -- Text available at the website https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1875-20#Text.
  27. Morris, C. (2025). Law Reform in Small Jurisdictions: A Review. Statute Law Review, 46(1), hmaf007. Doi: 10.1093/slr/hmaf007.
  28. Nuryshchenko, R. (2024). Genesis, current status, and prospects for the development of the institution of negotiation in Ukraine. Law Journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, 14(3), 78-86. Doi: 10.56215/naia-chasopis/3.2024.78.
  29. Order of the Minister of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 244-НK “On approval of the Rules for completing training under the training program for mediators (2023). -- Text available at the website https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=34131501.
  30. Ospanova, D., Moroz, S. and Niyazova, A. (2024). The problem of defining “juvenile justice” concept and its principles in legal science. Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development, 8(13), 9250. Doi: 10.24294/jipd9250.
  31. Parasiuk, V., Grabar, N., Zdrenyk, I., Оnyshko, O. and Fedina, N. (2025). Harmonisation of Ukrainian legislation with EU law in the field of alternative civil dispute resolution: Challenges and prospects. Social and Legal Studios, 8(1), 336-349. Doi: 10.32518/sals1.2025.336.
  32. Perbawa, K.S.L.P., Hanum, W.N. and Atabekov, A.K. (2024). Industrialization of Election Infringement in Simultaneous Elections: Lessons from Sweden. Journal of Human Rights Culture and Legal System, 4(2), 477-509. Doi: 10.53955/jhcls.v4i2.170.
  33. Subrata, R. (2023). Mechanisms of alternative dispute resolution in conflict and dispute resolution in Indonesia. Litigasi, 24(1), 151-164.
  34. The Uniform Mediation Act (2001). -- Text available at the website https://goo.su/VqJstW.
  35. UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Mediation and International Settlement Agreements resulting from Mediation (2018). -- Text available at the website https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/mediation/modellaw/commercial_conciliation.
  36. United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements resulting from Mediation (New York, 2018) (the “Singapore Convention on Mediation”) (2018). -- Text available at the website https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/mediation/conventions/international_settlement_agreements.
  37. Zayniyeva L.Yu and Kassymbekova А.А. (2020). Some aspects of the role of mediation in society. Bulletin “Historical and Socio-Political Sciences”, 65(2), 1-18. Doi: 10.51889/2020-2.1728-5461.35.
  38. Zhukorska, Y. (2024). Attribution of conduct to an International Organisation: Theory and practice. Law, Policy and Security, 2(1), 21-32. Doi: 10.62566/lps/1.2024.21.
  39. Zienkiewicz A. (2021). Objectives of mediation and selection and implementation of mediation strategies and techniques by mediators in civil disputes – Study report (part I). Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(5), 601-618.