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Ricerche di Psicologia/Psychological Research Journal - Open Access

Articoli

N. 4 (2022): Cambiare paradigma per i disturbi del neurosviluppo? Dalla ricerca alla pratica clinica

Disturbi del neurosviluppo e autismo: possibile integrazione tra approccio dimensionale e categoriale

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/rip2022oa15717
Inviata
4 aprile 2023
Pubblicato
11-04-2023

Abstract

Negli ultimi anni gli studi clinici e di neuroscienze hanno messo in luce alcuni punti di debolezza delle attuali categorie psicopatologiche incluse nei disturbi del neurosviluppo, sia dal punto di vista diagnostico che della presa in carico terapeutica. In tale contesto il presente lavoro analizza gli aspetti dimensionali e categoriali dei Disturbi dello Spettro Autistico (ASD) all’interno dell’ultima edizione del Manuale Diagnostico e Statistico dei disturbi mentali (DSM-5). Se da un lato il DSM-5 ha introdotto il concetto dimensionale di “spettro”, dall’altro la presenza degli “specificatori” permette di categorizzare il variegato gruppo dei ASD in sotto-gruppi più omogenei. Gli specificatori, infatti, oltre a descrivere l’espressione fenotipica del disturbo ed essere indici predittivi dell’evoluzione clinica della persona autistica in termini di autonomia e qualità di vita, potranno aiutare nell’identificazione di pazienti che condividono un substrato neurale comune, potenziale bersaglio di futuri interventi terapeutici. Si auspica quindi di potere ampliare il numero degli specificatori, al fine di caratterizzare ancora meglio i pazienti e ridurre l’eterogeneità che ha fino ad oggi impedito lo sviluppo di biomarcatori sia diagnostici che prognostici.

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