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Ricerche di Psicologia/Psychological Research Journal - Open Access

Articoli

N. 4 (2022): Cambiare paradigma per i disturbi del neurosviluppo? Dalla ricerca alla pratica clinica

L’evoluzione dei modelli di psicopatologia: quali implicazioni nella clinica?

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/rip2022oa15604
Inviata
13 March 2023
Pubblicato
29-03-2023

Abstract

Le criticità che si riscontrano nell’utilizzo dei modelli diagnostici categoriali più diffusi, quali l’ICD e il DSM, elicitano alcune riflessioni relative al modo di considerare la psicopatologia e di come il modello di psicopatologia influenzi la fase diagnostica e l’eventuale indicazione/controindicazione al trattamento. Le ricerche più recenti hanno sottolineato l’importanza di valutare non soltanto i segni e i sintomi dei disturbi, ma anche come essi si relazionino con il funzionamento neurobiologico e come si inseriscano in una prospettiva developmental. I nuovi orientamenti nei sistemi di classificazione, come la Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmemntal Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC: 0-5TM) e i Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) (Insel et al., 2010), si propongono di individuare criteri che siano utili al clinico e che permettano di superare i limiti che contraddistinguono i modelli tradizionali. L’articolo prende in considerazione gli aspetti principali dei modelli di psicopatologia più recenti ed evidenzia la modalità con cui tentano di integrare i diversi componenti del funzionamento della persona con i livelli developmental e neurobiologico in relazione all’ambiente di riferimento. Questi cambiamenti fanno riflettere i clinici sull’impiego di strumenti psicodiagnostici nati in un contesto in cui prevalevano modelli di psicopatologia differenti. Gli autori sottolineano l’importanza di un impiego più consapevole dei test già esistenti, facendo riferimento a una visione della psicopatologia più attuale.

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