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Ricerche di Psicologia/Psychological Research Journal - Open Access

Articoli

N. 3 (2022)

Storie di rinascita: l’esperienza di progetto Itaca. Sentiment e Topic Analysis su un campione di narrative di persone affette da disturbi della salute mentale

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/rip2022oa15309
Inviata
25 gennaio 2023
Pubblicato
01-02-2023

Abstract

Club Itaca è un servizio offerto da Progetto Itaca Onlus, basato sul modello di Clubhouse International, di riabilitazione psicosociale psichiatrica per persone affette da disturbi di salute mentale Progetto Itaca e Atstrat hanno sviluppato “Storie di Rinascita”, una metodologia di intervento volta ad aiutare le persone affette da disturbi della Salute Mentale ad acquisire consapevolezza e ad accettare la propria condizione, progredendo nel percorso di recovery attraverso la scrittura espressiva strutturata in tre atti: “come ero” (passato); “come sono” (presente); “cosa mi ha aiutato a cambiare” (fattori di rinascita). Scopo. L’obiettivo del presente studio è quello di indagare l’espressione emotiva delle narrative di Storie di Rinascita e di individuare gli elementi di rinascita riferiti dalle persone affette da disturbi della Salute Mentale. Metodi. 62 narrative sono state analizzate utilizzando la Sentiment Analysis e la Topic Analysis. Risultati. L’analisi del sentiment evidenzia una media dell’intensità delle parole polarizzate negativamente più elevata nel passato (μ = 1.71 ± 1.28) rispetto al presente (μ = 1.56 ± 0.93); si nota invece un aumento dell’intensità globale positiva da passato (μ = 1.29 ± 0.71) a presente (μ = 1.34 ± 0.80). Rispetto alle emozioni, le parole relative a rabbia, disgusto, paura e tristezza risultano meno intense nel presente (rispettivamente μ = 1.63 ± 1.06; μ = 1.40 ± 0.49; μ = 1.53 ± 0.94; μ = 1.76 ± 1.25), rispetto al passato (rispettivamente μ = 1.31 ± 0.63; μ = 1.12 ± 0.32; μ = 1.42 ± 0.63; μ = 1.47 ± 0.79). La media dell’intensità di gioia, sorpresa e fiducia è invece simile nelle due tipologie di narrazioni. L’Analisi dei Topic ha permesso di individuare i seguenti tre topic relativi ai fattori di rinascita: 1) il Club Itaca, 2) la Rete Sociale e 3) i Fattori Personali. Discussione e conclusione. L’utilizzo di un linguaggio emotivo meno negativo e più positivo quando si riferiscono al presente rispetto a quando parlano del loro passato permette di ipotizzare un miglioramento nella condizione delle persone affette da disturbi della Salute Mentale e una elaborazione positiva delle esperienze difficoltose sperimentate nel passato. Tali cambiamenti sembrano essere favoriti da Club Itaca, dal supporto della rete sociale e dalle proprie capacità personali. Storie di Rinascita risulta un utile strumento per favorire una rielaborazione della condizione di malattia e far prendere coscienza alle persone dei propri progressi. 

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