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Articoli

N. 2 (2022)

La cura del paziente COVID-19 ospedalizzato: dai nuovi bisogni agli interventi psicologico-clinici

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/rip2022oa14386
Inviata
26 luglio 2022
Pubblicato
27-07-2022

Abstract

La pandemia della malattia da Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) ha un impatto enorme sulla salute globale e sulle strutture ospedaliere, che hanno dovuto riorganizzare i loro servizi per affrontare unʼemergenza sanitaria senza precedenti. Il presente contributo descrive l’esperienza dell’Unità Operativa Complessa di Psicologia Clinica di una grande Azienda sanitaria di Milano (Italia), focalizzandosi sugli interventi svolti per i pazienti COVID-19 ospedalizzati, con l’obiettivo di mettere in luce i loro vissuti e i relativi bisogni psicologici, e proporre delle riflessioni sulle funzioni che lo psicologo può avere rispetto a questi bisogni. Le riflessioni proposte derivano da un’estesa esperienza clinica condotta in presenza per oltre un anno con pazienti COVID-19 ricoverati che hanno ricevuto un trattamento con C-PAP, casco, od ossigeno a bassi flussi. Questa ha portato all’individuazione bottom-up di tre macro-aree di criticità che tali pazienti si trovano ad affrontare: isolamento, paura della morte, lutto. Sono stati individuati due ulteriori temi trasversali – colpa e percezione del tempo – che paiono modulare l’articolazione delle tre macro-aree.
A partire da tali vissuti e bisogni, sono identificate due linee di azioni dello psicologo con il paziente COVID-19 ricoverato che corrispondono alle due fasi dell’ospedalizzazione: 1) un’azione nel qui e ora quando il paziente si trova ancora in una fase critica; 2) un’azione di recupero narrativo dell’esperienza vissuta quando il paziente è in remissione.
L’esperienza clinica maturata e le riflessioni effettuate sottolineano l’importanza dell’effettuare consultazioni psicologiche in presenza per i pazienti COVID-19 ospedalizzati, la cui efficacia nel prevenire successivi disadattamenti andrà tuttavia valutata in ulteriori studi. 

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