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Ricerche di Psicologia/Psychological Research Journal - Open Access

Articoli

N. 4 (2021)

L’impatto psicologico a breve termine del Covid-19: una revisione sistematica della letteratura

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/rip2021oa13103
Inviata
27 dicembre 2021
Pubblicato
14-01-2022

Abstract

Il Covid-19 è comparso a Wuhan, in Cina, nel dicembre del 2019. La malattia causa difficoltà respiratorie e numerose altre complicazioni quali stanchezza, febbre, dolori muscolari e, in alcuni casi, diarrea e vomito, e può essere fatale.
La correlazione tra malattie infettive e disagio psicologico è già emersa durante altre epidemie, come quella di SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) e di Ebola. Questa revisione sistematica della letteratura è volta ad indagare le ripercussioni psicologiche a breve termine che il Covid-19 può avere sulla popolazione generale. Mediante una procedura di analisi tematica sono stati individuati dei temi ricorrenti negli articoli selezionati. I risultati più significativi riguardano l’impatto dei social media e le ripercussioni a livello di ansia e depressione.
In particolare, le notizie false trasmesse dai media alimentano ulteriormente l’ansia provata dalla maggior parte della popolazione e fattori quali l’essere giovani o anziani, l’essere studenti, poco istruiti, divorziati o vedovi contribuiscono ulteriormente a peggiorare la sintomatologia. Seguire, invece, le linee-guida proposte dal Governo e avere informazioni chiare e comprensibili si sono rivelati due fattori di protezione contro l’insorgenza di sintomi ansiosi. Dalla ricerca è emerso un bisogno di monitoraggio per le popolazioni più a rischio e la necessità di studiare questi fenomeni sul lungo periodo, replicando gli studi in Paesi occidentali.

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