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Articoli

N. 4 (2021)

“Dove tirerà?” Un paradigma sperimentale per l’indagine del riconoscimento delle intenzioni del giocatore nel calcio del rigore

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/rip2021oa12896
Inviata
15 novembre 2021
Pubblicato
29-11-2021

Abstract

È stato implementato un nuovo paradigma sperimentale per verificare l’ipotesi del coinvolgimento del sistema dei neuroni specchio in un compito di previsione dell’esito di un’azione motoria, ossia la traiettoria del pallone in un calcio di rigore. In particolare, è stato messo a punto un compito sperimentale manipolando una serie di filmati di calci di rigore, tirati da calciatori professionisti e ripresi dal punto di vista del portiere, in modo che il video si interrompesse nel momento in cui il piede del calciatore toccava il pallone. Si è ipotizzato che le caratteristiche dei movimenti del calciatore durante la rincorsa forniscano indizi circa la direzione della traiettoria del pallone. Inoltre si è ipotizzato che soggetti con esperienza calcistica interpretino correttamente tali indizi grazie all’attivazione cerebrale delle rappresentazioni motorie dei movimenti che essi utilizzano durante l’esecuzione del calcio di rigore. La prestazione di 20 studenti universitari destrimani nel compito sperimentale sui calci di rigore, valutata in termini di rapidità e accuratezza, è stata messa in relazione con la capacità di rotazione mentale, la reattività di base, l’esperienza calcistica, la familiarità e l’interesse per le partite di calcio. I risultati hanno mostrato che la percentuale di risposte corrette al compito di riconoscimento della traiettoria del pallone è significativamente superiore al caso. Inoltre, si è osservato che l’esperienza calcistica ha un ruolo nel determinare la velocità dei soggetti nel compito sperimentale: i più esperti sono meno impulsivi. 

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