
Linear thought should give way to the systemic view, from the perspective of Complexity Theory. According to this approach in Medicine disease is considered as part of a larger, interconnected whole. From the “Biomedical” model it is necessary to move to the “Biopsychosocial” model. Today it is time to see the human person within and as an integral part of the ecosystem: this is the concept of “One Health”. Several new paradigms of care and research arise from this kind of vision: the most important to date is the PNEI Paradigm. But other paradigms are especially engaged on the economic and environmental sustainability front. Without detracting from the significant role of technology, increasingly today’s Medicine must reevaluate the fundamental role of the “Medical Humanities”, from bioethics to philosophy, from communication to the integration of knowledge and research.